Groundwater fluoride removal by novel activated carbon/aluminium oxide composite derived from raffia palm shells: Optimization of batch operations and field-scale point of use system evaluation

Iwar, Raphael Terungwa; Ogedengbe, K.; Ugwudike, Bernard Ogbonna

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100407

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Its utility extends to the development, improvement, and optimization of processes represented by the model. Notably, RSM excels in reducing and evaluating the number of experimental trials within full factorial experiments, including their interactions, without compromising expected outcomes (Iwar et al, 2022). In RSM, all independent variables are assumed to be continuous and controllable by the experiment with negligible error, while the response or dependent variable is considered a random variable (Montgomery, 2017).…”

Section: The Central Composite Experimental Design For Pmacs Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical optimization of iodine adsorption for <i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i> pods activated carbon production

Ogbeh,

Ogunlela,

Emaikwu

2024

SWJ

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Efficient production of activated carbon (AC) depends on variables such as feedstock properties, preparation conditions, and activating agents. This study aimed to identify optimal conditions for AC production from African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) Pods (PMps) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activating agents. Through a systematic iodine adsorption characterization approach and leveraging Response Surface Methodology as a chemometric tool, the study fine-tuned chemical activation and carbonization parameters (temperature, time, and impregnation ratio) for producing PMACs. The adjustments directly impacted the iodine number (In) and yields (Cy) of the PMACs (PMAC-KOHop and PMAC-H3PO4op). The predicted In and Cy values closely aligned with the observed values – (PMAC-KOHop: 918.58 mg/g predicted vs. 916.56 mg/g observed; PMAC-H3PO4op: 593.44 mg/g predicted vs. 592.88 mg/g observed) and (PMAC-KOHop: 39.60% predicted vs. 39.15% observed; PMAC-H3PO4op: 51.30% predicted vs. 51.10% observed), demonstrating precision of the production process. Key structural properties, including BET specific surface areas (SSA), total pore volumes (Vt), and average pore diameters, exhibited notable differences between the PMAC-KOHop and PMAC-H3PO4op, with the former demonstrating superiority. Particularly, FTIR spectra highlighted higher aromaticity in PMAC-KOHop, revealing the preference for KOH over H3PO4 in the chemical activation of PMps. The high In achieved with the PMAC-KOHop indicated its efficacy as a pollutant adsorbent, aligning with the established attributes of commercial granular activated carbons for pollutants removal from wastewater. This study establishes PMps as a dependable AC precursor, emphasizing the advantages of KOH over H3PO4 in chemical activation. Future research should be directed at investigating PMAC-KOHop adsorption capabilities for diverse pollutants and exploring PMps' potential contributions to metallic or nanocomposite formations with other adsorbents.

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Section: The Central Composite Experimental Design For Pmacs Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical optimization of iodine adsorption for <i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i> pods activated carbon production

Ogbeh,

Ogunlela,

Emaikwu

2024

SWJ

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“…Optimized conditions of 30 minutes of contact time, 2.5 g of adsorbent dosage, 10 mg/L of initial fluoride concentration established by [14] were applied for the defluoridation of the aqueous solution. 500 mL of 10 mg/L Fsolution was poured in a 1000 mL beaker and mixed with 2.5 g adsorbent dosage (an AMD sludge rich in Al 3+ and Fe 3+ ).…”

Section: K Defluoridation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Al(iii) and Fe(iii) from Acid Mine Drainage using CaO and their Subsequent Use in Fluoride Removal from Water

2023

Nov. 16-17, 2023 Johannesburg (South Africa)Back 39th JOHANNESBURG International Conference on “Chemical, Biological and Enviro

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) refers to the drainage of coal mines with heavy sulphur-bearing rocks. The highly acidic nature and higher metal concentration of AMD poses a severe risk to the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of utilising CaO for the recovery of aluminium and iron hydroxides from AMD and their subsequent application in defluoridation. Batch experiments were caried out to determine the rate of neutralization with various CaO dosages and contact time. The results showed that optimum conditions for neutralizing AMD using CaO are 45 min of contact time and 10 g of CaO dosage, where the pH was found to range from 7.23 to 7.40. The EC ranged from 180 to 195 µS/cm, causing a higher formation of insoluble aluminium and ferric hydroxide precipitates, demonstrating that CaO effectively raises the pH of AMD when increasing the dosage. The study revealed that CaO can be used for the recovery of Al(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3. Recovery efficiencies were as high as 99.89 and 97.49% for Fe(iii) and Al(iii) respectively. The defluoridation study using the recovered metal hydroxides proved to be ineffective, as the adsorption capacity was calculated to be 0.45 mg/g. Some new methods and factors can be implemented to obtain acceptable results.

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Origins, Mechanisms, and Remedies of Fluoride Ions from Ground and Surface Water: A Review

Patrick

Sahu

2023

Chemistry Africa

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Groundwater fluoride removal by novel activated carbon/aluminium oxide composite derived from raffia palm shells: Optimization of batch operations and field-scale point of use system evaluation

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Statistical optimization of iodine adsorption for <i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i> pods activated carbon production

Statistical optimization of iodine adsorption for <i>Pentaclethra macrophylla</i> pods activated carbon production

Recovery of Al(iii) and Fe(iii) from Acid Mine Drainage using CaO and their Subsequent Use in Fluoride Removal from Water

Origins, Mechanisms, and Remedies of Fluoride Ions from Ground and Surface Water: A Review

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