Groundwater Hydrochemical Zoning in Inland Plains and its Genetic Mechanisms

Abstract

Pore water in inland plain areas, generally having poor water quality, contain complex hydrochemical properties. In order to examine groundwater chemical composition formation characteristics, groundwater in the Jiyang area of Lubei Plain was studied using stratified monitoring of drilling, analysis of water level and water quality, isotope analysis, ion ratio coefficient and isothermal adsorption experiments, hydrochemical characteristics, and analysis of variations in different shallow depths. Results show that: (1) Numerous hydrochemistry types are present in the diving. Along with the direction of groundwater flow, total dissolved solids (TDS) of diving in the study area generally increases and the hydrochemical type changes from the HCO 3 type to the HCO 3 •SO 4 type, Cl•HCO 3 type and the Cl•SO 4 type. (2) Shallow brackish water and freshwater in the horizontal direction are alternately distributed, and shallow brackish water is distributed in the area between old channels, showing sporadic spots or bands, whose hydrochemistry type is predominantly Cl•SO 4-Na•Mg•Ca. (3) Affected by the sedimentary environment, hydrodynamic conditions and other factors; diving, middle brackish water and deep freshwater are vertically deposited in the study area. The dynamics of middle brackish water quality are stable due to the sedimentary environment and clay deposits. The hydrochemistry types of middle brackish water are mainly Cl•SO 4-Mg•Na and SO 4 •Cl-Na•Mg, while the deep confined water is dominated by HCO 3. (4) The optimal adsorption isotherms of Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in groundwater from clay, with a thickness raging from 6-112 m, conformed to the Henry equation and the Langmuir equation. The retardation of Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in groundwater differed with differing depths of the clay deposit. The trend of change in retardation strength correlates strongly with the TDS of groundwater. Groundwater in the inland plain area is affected by complicated hydrogeochemical processes; in addition, leaching, cation exchange, evaporative concentration and clay retardation have an important influence on the horizontal and vertical zonation of groundwater chemical components.

Spectroscopic Determination of Water Salinity in Brackish Surface Water in Nandoni Dam, at Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

“…Other than estuaries, the elevated groundwater salinity can be observed in the regions where groundwater is in contact with evaporates formations, or mixed with high mineralized and deeper aquifers [8,9]. The discharges from industrial effluents containing dissolved salts, leachates of saline soils and the runoff of salt deposits such as halite or gypsum that is present in the sedimentary rocks also increase the amounts of total dissolved salts and thus lead to the formation of brackish water [10][11][12].…”

Groundwater quality mapping for drinking and irrigation purposes using statistical, hydrochemical facies, and water quality indices in Tercha District, Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia

“…Natural variables (geology, geochemical processes, salt solubility, and recharge water quality) and anthropogenic activities (agricultural and industrial effects) influence its physico-chemical properties (Hosseinifard and Aminiyan, 2015). As a result, the intricacy of groundwater management is regulated by the variability and interactions of various elements (Xing et al, 2018).…”

Geochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Chemical Composition of Groundwater in a Part of the Nanchang Section of Ganfu Plain

“…In addition to considering groundwater quantity, groundwater quality is also an essential factor in determining the availability of groundwater resources [2]. Generally, the hydrochemical composition of groundwater depends on the natural factors such as recharge water characteristics, aquifer media, and water-rock processes [3]. However, with the deepening of the impact of human society on the geological environment, groundwater is increasingly affected by mining, industry, agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities.…”