Groundwater ingress to tunnels – The exact analytical solution

Kolymbas, Dimitrios; Wagner, Péter

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2006.02.001

Cited by 217 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…The drawdown and the lateral extent of this depression depend on the depth of the tunnel below the initial water table and on aquifer hydraulic characteristics. A wide range of methods has been proposed to predict both groundwater inflow to tunnels and the drawdown caused by the tunnel such as analytical solutions for different hydrogeological settings (Goodman et al 1965;Kolymbas and Wagner 2007;Marechal and Perrochet 2003;Perrochet 2005), including solutions for transient flow towards tunnels drilled into heterogeneous formations (Perrochet and Dematteis 2007) or tunnels in multi-layer aquifer systems (Yang and Yeh 2007), as well as different numerical models (Molinero et al 2002;Feinstein et al 2003;Yoo 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy)

2008

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The impact of a railway tunnel on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy) was demonstrated and characterised by multi-tracer tests and hydrological observations. The 15-km-long Firenzuola tunnel crosses turbidite marls and sandstones previously not considered as aquifers. During the drilling, water inrushes occurred at fracture zones, and the tunnel still continues to drain the aquifer. The water table dropped below the level of the valleys, and gaining streams transformed into losing streams or ran completely dry, as did many springs, causing severe damage to the aquatic fauna and other elements of the ecosystem. Two multitracer tests, each using uranine and sulforhodamine G, were carried out in two impacted catchments in order to confirm and quantify the stream-aquifer-tunnel interrelations. The results proved connection between losing streams and numerous water inlets in the tunnel, with maximum linear distances of 1.4 km and velocities up to 135 m/d. Several of the demonstrated flowpaths pass under previous groundwater divides (mountain ridges), proving that the tunnel has completely modified the regional flow system. Water balance estimations demonstrate that the observed water losses cannot be explained by climate change but can largely be attributed to the tunnel drainage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy)

2008

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“…In general, the surrounding rock is regarded as the continuous porous medium [18], the impact of cracks evenly spread over the surrounding rock. Because of the uncertainty of the joints, the associated permeability parameters are difficult to obtain by geological exploration, the surrounding rock is assumed as continuous medium which does not fully comply with the actual situation, despite all this, the continuous porous medium seepage theory is relatively mature [19], the rock mass can still be regarded as continuous medium which conforms to Darcy's law in many studies [20]. The analysis in this paper is on the basis of continuous medium, but the surrounding rock is not isotropic medium, such as slate, the hydraulic conductivity along the joint direction is larger than the vertical hydraulic conductivity.…”

Section: The Verification Of Seepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These following assumptions are adopted according to actual engineering in this paper for simplifying [3]:…”

Section: Tunnel Engineering Seepage Parameters Intelligent Back Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunnel Engineering Seepage Parameters Intelligent Back Analysis Based on FEM and Differential Evolution Algorithm

Ma¹,

Jiang²,

Wang³

2016

TOCIEJ

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Abstract:To determine the seepage parameters of surrounding rock during excavation of tunnels, a program of groundwater seepage (SEEP) was developed. Then finite element models are established in SEEP with the consideration of seepage equations for continuous medium, and the correctness was verified by the comparison of FLAC 3D . Moreover, seepage back analysis program (SBAP) was developed in C++ language by combining differential evolution algorithm (DE) and SEEP, and the measured values of water pressure and flow were used as input data, SBAP was applied to predict the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the different stratum. The hydraulic conductivities predicted were inputted to SEEP, the computed values of water pressure and flow calculated by SEEP are in good agreement with the measured values. SBAP shows the faster convergence speed and precise feedback results. This program provides a means for engineers and researchers to determine seepage parameters in the seepage analysis of similar tunnel projects.

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“…Based on the complex variable method, Kolymbas and Wagner [7] used the conformal mapping technique and obtained exact analytical solutions of groundwater ingress into a circular tunnel with deep or shallow buried depth. Considering the different boundary conditions at the tunnel perimeter, constant total hydraulic head and constant water pressure, Park et al [8] and Huangfu et al [9] derived analytical solutions of seepage field for steady water inflow into a drained circular tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Model of Seepage Field for Symmetrical Underwater Tunnels

Wang

2018

Symmetry

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Based on the mirror image method and superposition principle, an analytical model of seepage field for symmetrical underwater tunnels is proposed. The condition is assumed as two-dimensional steady water inflow into symmetrical and horizontal underwater tunnels in a fully saturated, homogeneous, isotropic, and semi-infinite aquifer. Analytical solutions of pore water distribution and water inflow into tunnels are obtained. Two different boundary conditions at the perimeter of symmetrical tunnels are considered, constant total hydraulic head and constant water pressure. Taking the subsea tunnels of Xiamen Xiang'an in China as an example, comparisons between analytical solutions and numerical solutions are analyzed in the case of zero water pressure at the perimeter of symmetrical tunnels. The results show that the analytical solutions for pore pressure distribution and water inflow match well with the numerical solutions and that the relative deviations are all in an acceptable range. The solutions derived from the analytical model in this paper can analyze the steady seepage field of symmetrical underwater tunnels accurately and reasonably.

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Groundwater ingress to tunnels – The exact analytical solution

Cited by 217 publications

References 2 publications

Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy)

Using tracer tests and hydrological observations to evaluate effects of tunnel drainage on groundwater and surface waters in the Northern Apennines (Italy)

Tunnel Engineering Seepage Parameters Intelligent Back Analysis Based on FEM and Differential Evolution Algorithm

An Analytical Model of Seepage Field for Symmetrical Underwater Tunnels

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