Groundwater pollution risk mapping for the Eocene aquifer of the Oum Er-Rabia basin, Morocco

Ettazarini, Said

doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0330-1

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Groundwater has greatly benefited the development of agriculture by combating drought, ensuring stable agricultural yields, and raising output value. Then sustainable development requires the management and preservation of water resources indispensable for all human activities (Said Ettazarini, 2006) In Shanxi Province where Linfen Basin is located, water resources represent 15.24 billion m 3 . The province is deficient in surface water, but the available resources are evenly distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Samaké¹,

Tang²,

Hlaing³

et al. 2011

JSD

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Groundwater pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world. Human activities, e.g. industrial, agricultural and household represent a real threat for groundwater quality. In areas where Groundwater constitutes the main drinking water resources, its vulnerability assessment, to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination has become an important element for water resource management and land use planning. Hence, maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution are becoming more in demand because this essential resource for life represents the main source of drinking water in many parts of the world and particularly in northern China where there is insufficient surface water.This study used the ArcGIS 9.2 software and geographical information system (GIS) techniques to apply an EPA model for determining intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China. The model is called DRASTIC, representing hydrogeological parameters such as Depth to Aquifer, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Topography, Impact of vadose Zones, and Hydraulic Conductivity. The DRASTIC model uses environmental parameters to characterize the hydrogeological setting of any area and to evaluate the aquifer vulnerability. The DRASTIC scores obtained from the model vary from 59 to 147, where the higher value implies the relative greater vulnerability. These values were reclassified into three classes: very low, low and moderate vulnerable zones. The moderate vulnerability zones of Linfen Basin are located in the north and southeastern part of the basin. The moderate vulnerable zones cover around 16.38% of the study area. Huozhou City in the north, Yicheng County, Qu Wo County in the south east are concerned by moderate vulnerability zones.The very low vulnerable zones are well distributed and are mainly located in the middle and south parts of the basin. Some very low vulnerable zones can also be seen in the north east and extreme east parts. Very low vulnerable zones cover about 40.13% of the study area. The remaining parts of the Linfen basin are under low vulnerable zones (43.49%) which are located in the west and Middle West parts of the region.The results of this study can be used to determine where communities should undertake aggressive protection of the groundwater. Regional development planners will benefit from knowledge of local sensitive aquifers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Samaké¹,

Tang²,

Hlaing³

et al. 2011

JSD

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“…This method has been successfully applied in many studies (Evans and Myers 1990;Secunda et al 1998;Fritch et al 2000;Baalousha 2006;Ettazarini 2006;Wen et al 2008;Sener et al 2009;Boughriba et al 2010), although it does not always provide reliable estimates of the contamination potential of groundwater bodies (Stark et al 1999;Rupert 2001;Pérez and Pacheco 2004;Stigter et al 2006;Baalousha 2006;Almasri 2008). Usually, method validation is addressed by comparing the DRASTIC vulnerability map to groundwater contamination derived by geostatistical interpolation of hydrochemical datasets (Secunda et al 1998;Al-Adamat et al 2003;Antonakos and Lambrakis 2007;Assaf and Saadeh 2008;Chitsazan and Akhtari 2008;Jamrah et al 2008;Sener et al 2009) and as a percentage of detection frequencies (as used by Murray and McCray 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For mapping vulnerability in the MOS, the DRASTIC method was selected because it is in agreement with the hydrogeological knowledge available and it is the most popular and standardized method. It was originally developed in the United States for achieving nationwide consistency (Aller et al 1987) and has since been put into practice for different aquifer systems globally (Al-zabet 2002;Vias et al 2005;Ettazarini 2006;Almasri 2008;AlHanbali and Kondoh 2008;Sener et al 2009). The target of the model is to categorize which zones are worthy of special attention, but it is not intended to predict the occurrence of groundwater contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As agriculture is the main activity in the study area, the Agricultural DRASTIC index (ADi) maps were developed using the weights from the pesticide DRASTIC index proposed by Aller et al (1987). This model is a suitable method for regions where modern irrigation methods and nitrogen-based fertilizers are mainly used (Ettazarini 2006;Remesan and Panda 2008). In these areas, it is appropriate to use a method that gives more weight to soil and topography impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a GIS-Based Integrated Vulnerability Risk Assessment for the Mancha Oriental System (SE Spain)

Moratalla

Gómez-Alday

Sanz

et al. 2011

Water Resour Manage

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It is widely recognized that groundwater-vulnerability maps are a useful tool for making decisions on designating pollution-vulnerable areas, in addition to being a requirement of European Directive 91/676/EEC. This study addressed the vulnerability of the Mancha Oriental System (MOS) to groundwater contamination with an integrated Generic and Agricultural DRASTIC model approach. In the MOS, groundwater is the sole water resource for a total population of about 275,000 inhabitants and for 1,000 km 2 of irrigated crops. DRASTIC vulnerability maps have been drawn up for two different years (1975 and 2002) in which the potentiometric surface has dropped dramatically (80 m in some areas) due to the considerable expansion of irrigated croplands. The quality of available resources has also deteriorated due to the agricultural practices and the discharge of wastewater effluents. Vulnerability maps are used to test the data on nitrate, sulphate, and chloride contents in groundwater in the Central and El Salobral-Los Llanos hydrogeologic domains of the MOS for 2002. Regardless of the method applied, the dramatic alteration in land use leads to a change in the DRASTIC index and vulnerability to groundwater contamination decreases for the study period. Vulnerability in the MOS increases in areas where the irrigation return flow is notable. The lack of a statistical correspondence between the DRASTIC index and the spatial distribution of nitrate, chloride, and sulphate contents and the distribution of the pollution load suggest that this method does not accurately assess the risk of the MOS to groundwater pollution.

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“…The more popular types of the overlay and index methods are GOD (Foster 1987), IRISH (Daly and Drew 1999), AVI (Van Stemproot et al 1993), and DRASTIC (Aller et al 1987). DRASTIC and GOD have been used in several places including the USA (Fritch et al 2000;Shukla et al 2000), Morocco (Ettazarini 2006), China (Wen et al 2008;Houan et al 2012), Jordan (Naqa et al 2006), and Iran (Niknam et al 2007;Saatsaz and Sulaiman 2011;Akbari and Rahimi 2011). GOD and DRASTIC models take benefit of a GIS-based cartography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing groundwater vulnerability to contamination in an arid environment using DRASTIC and GOD models

Ghazavi

Ebrahimi

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

133

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Groundwater is vulnerable to contamination by anthropological activities. Vulnerability mapping is considered as a fundamental aspect of groundwater management. The aim of this study was to estimate aquifer vulnerability by applying the DRASTIC and GOD models in Abarkooh plain, Yazd province, center of Iran. The DRASTIC model uses seven environmental parameters (depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity) to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate aquifer vulnerability. GOD is an overlay and index method designed to map groundwater vulnerability over large regions based on three parameters (groundwater confinement, overlying strata, and depth to groundwater). The information layers for models were provided via geographic information system. The overlap techniques were used to provide and produce the vulnerability map of the study areas considering weight coefficients of each layer. Accuracy of the models was evaluated using linear regression between observations values of nitrate and estimated vulnerability to pollution in the measured wells. A significant correlation was observed between measured nitrate and pollution potential evaluated by DRASTIC model (P \ 0.01), but no significant correlation was observed for GOD model (P \ 0.05). The results showed that the DRASTIC model is better than GOD model to estimate groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the measured wells. For DRASTIC model, the correlation coefficient between vulnerability index and nitrate concentration was 68 % that was substantially higher than 28 % obtained for the GOD model. We can conclude that nitrate concentration should be a suitable parameter to investigate the accuracy of the DRASTIC and GOD models.

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Groundwater pollution risk mapping for the Eocene aquifer of the Oum Er-Rabia basin, Morocco

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Shallow Aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China Using DRASTIC Model

Evaluation of a GIS-Based Integrated Vulnerability Risk Assessment for the Mancha Oriental System (SE Spain)

Assessing groundwater vulnerability to contamination in an arid environment using DRASTIC and GOD models

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