Groundwater Quality Analysis of Northeastern Haryana using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Abstract

Sub-surface water contamination has become a topic of main concern due to anthropogenic activities. MSTs were performed to appraise the seasonal and spatial variations in quality of sub-surface water and to trace the sources in NE Haryana. WQI was computed to analyse the quality of overall groundwater for domestic purposes during pre- and post-monsoon periods. The post-monsoon season water samples were found to be good for human consumption compared to pre-monsoon season. HCA, DA and PCA were performed to the quality of sub-surface water data computed on 14 elements from 30 locations geographically well-distributed across the area. Thirty sampling sites were classified into 02 clusters using HCA, group two having higher contamination than group one. The most significant elements accounting for spatial and seasonal variations in quality of sub-surface water of the study region was obtained by using DA. For the combined dataset of the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2017 the temporal and spatial DA identified pH, Na, Cl, TDS, Mg and F as the six most significant element, which distinguishes between water pre-eminence in the two seasons and accounts for 88.34% spatial and 100% seasonal assignation of cases. PCA was used to the data observed from the 02 groups, which obtained four varimax-factors in each group, accounting 77.54 and 84.77% of the total variance, respectively. Varimax factors evolved from PCA represented that quality of sub-surface water variation is possibly attributed by multiple geogenic, anthropogenic factors, ion exchange processes and rock-water interactions in groundwater.

Spatio‐temporal variability of public water supply characteristics and associated health hazards for children and adults in selected locations of Ambala, India

“…The general elevation in the district varies between 245 and 300 m above MSL. The soils are non‐calcareous and sandy loam on the surface, and loam to clayey loam at depth (Ravish et al, 2020).…”

“…A few previous studies have reported significant increments in the levels of nitrate, arsenic, lead, and cadmium in groundwater in the nearby areas of Ambala District (Bose et al, 2021;Das et al, 2023;Ravish et al, 2020). Among the many pollutants, long-term exposure to nitrate-contaminated water poses a concern to consumers, especially to young children who are more likely to contract the illness known as "blue baby syndrome," which is brought on by nitrate exposure (Golaki et al, 2022;Jamshidi et al, 2021).…”

Assessment of the seasonal variations in hydrochemistry of Oued Fodda dam, Algeria

“…Water quality monitoring is also helpful to ensure the efficient management of water resources and the protection of aquatic life (BOUDERBALA, 2015;ETTEIEB ET AL., 2017). Several studies in the literature which examined surface water hydrochemistry, found that natural conditions contribute considerably to the hydrochemical processes of water bodies and to the development of outbreaks of waterborne diseases which are linked mostly to the effect of human activities near to rivers or lakes (WAKAWA ET AL., 2008;ABDALLA & SCHEYTT, 2012;BOUDERBALA ET AL., 2016;VADDE ET AL., 2018;RAVISH ET AL., 2020).…”