Groundwater Quality Assessment Using GIS Based on some Pollution Indicators over the Past 10 Years (2005–2015): a Case Study from Semi-Arid Harran Plain, Turkey

Yetiş, Ayşegül Demir; Kahraman, Nilgün; Yeşilnacar, Mehmet İ̇rfan; Kara, Hatice

doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04963-7

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Based on a variety of physicochemical parameters, statistical approaches, WQIs, geographic information system (GIS) techniques, and multivariate modeling are employed [30,[41][42][43]. Utilization of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modelling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and practical strategy that provides a complete picture of water quality and governing mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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Water shortage and quality are major issues in many places, particularly arid and semi-arid regions such as Makkah Al-Mukarramah province, Saudi Arabia. The current work was conducted to examine the geochemical mechanisms influencing the chemistry of groundwater and assess groundwater resources through several water quality indices (WQIs), GIS methods, and the partial least squares regression model (PLSR). For that, 59 groundwater wells were tested for different physical and chemical parameters using conventional analytical procedures. The results showed that the average content of ions was as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg 2+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− > HCO32− > NO3− > CO3−. Under the stress of evaporation and saltwater intrusion associated with the reverse ion exchange process, the predominant hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3, Na-Cl, mixed Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4, and Na-Ca-HCO3. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) has indicated that only 5% of the wells were categorized under good to excellent for drinking while the majority (95%) were poor to unsuitable for drinking, and required appropriate treatment. Furthermore, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) has indicated that 45.5% of the wells were classified under high to severe restriction for agriculture, and can be utilized only for high salt tolerant plants. The majority (54.5%) were deemed moderate to no restriction for irrigation, with no toxicity concern for most plants. Agriculture indicators such as total dissolved solids (TDS), potential salinity (PS), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) had mean values of 2572.30, 33.32, 4.84, and −21.14, respectively. However, the quality of the groundwater in the study area improves with increased rainfall and thus recharging the Quaternary aquifer. The PLSR models, which are based on physicochemical characteristics, have been shown to be the most efficient as alternative techniques for determining the six WQIs. For instance, the PLSR models of all IWQs had determination coefficients values of R2 ranging between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Cal., and between 0.848 and 0.999 in the Val. datasets, and had model accuracy varying from 0.824 to 0.999 in the Cal., and from 0.817 to 0.989 in the Val. datasets. In conclusion, the combination of physicochemical parameters, WQIs, and multivariate modeling with statistical analysis and GIS tools is a successful and adaptable methodology that provides a comprehensive picture of groundwater quality and governing mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Osta

Masoud

Alqarawy

et al. 2022

Water

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“…Although our area is smaller than the Haran Plain, it hosts over 600 agricultural wells. When these wells are inactive, they contribute significantly to the elevation of groundwater [35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using GIS Techniques to Determine Appropriate Locations for Constructing Concrete Water Canals in the Baranti Plain of Erbil Governorate, Iraq

Hamad,

Çullu,

Bilgili

et al. 2024

Water

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Water, being the basic resource for life on earth, is of great importance in arid and semi-arid regions, which face the direct impacts of climate change. This study aims to solve water scarcity for Baranti Plain farmers by constructing concrete canals using modern technology. The Baranti Plain is located approximately 25 km north of Erbil in Iraq and spans an area of 445 km2. The Great Zap River flows through its northern region, with an average discharge of about 400 m3 per second. In response to the challenges faced in this area, the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources collaborated with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to gather essential data. This extensive dataset, covering the period from 2000 to 2021, particularly focuses on ground-level monitoring in September. Notably, the region experienced a significant decline in groundwater levels, totaling 23 m on average. Additionally, there was a 7.8% increase of urban expansion, and the number of wells increased from 257 in 2006 to 600 in 2021. To counter the diminishing groundwater levels and facilitate agricultural irrigation, a proposal was introduced to harness the waters of the Great Zap River. This plan involves channeling the river waters to the plain through a network of concrete canals known as the Baranati Project Plain. For precise planning, a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 12.5 m resolution was procured to analyze the area using GIS. This investigation revealed a height difference of 130 m between the Great Zap River and the Baranti Plain. Subsequently, the area was segmented into four zones based on its suitability for the project: highest, medium, low, and unsuitable. Notably, the combined areas of high, medium, and low suitability encompass 68% of the entire study region. The project’s next phase used a flow calculator to determine the channel’s shape, area, slope, and water requirements. The final phase involved analyzing annual rainfall data from three meteorological stations (Bastora, Ankawa, and Khabat), showing an average annual rainfall of 396 mm. The project has the capacity to irrigate more than 30,000 hectares of land, benefiting more than 1200 farmers. It is expected to stop the use of over 600 wells for irrigation and potentially raise groundwater levels by about 2.5 m annually. Our work revealed that addressing groundwater depletion requires implementing canals, rainwater harvesting, farmer education, modern irrigation, drilling restrictions, and supporting water.

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“…According to results in Table (3) nitrate values in groundwater ranged from (0.01-0.64) millimoles per liter, with the highest recorded value at site A1 (Al-Mawafiqiya Shura) and the lowest value at site C2 (Al-Hayy Shura). The rapid movement of nitrates with excess irrigation water is attributed to their downward migration with the excess leachate, reaching the groundwater layers because nitrates are highly mobile ions [26,27,28]. As for the salinity indicator in groundwater, the Local guide values ranged from (0.35-6.67), with the highest recorded value at site K2 (Al-Manar Shura) and the lowest value at site B2 (Al-Bashear Shura).…”

Section: Positive and Negative Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Salt Phases and Groundwater Chemically in some Iraqi Soils

Makttoof,

Nafawa

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The current study includes an assessment of shura soil and groundwater salinity in central and southern Iraq. Through research, it has been revealed that the study area is experiencing severe salinization in various environments. The reason behind this is attributed to the high temperatures, increased evaporation rates, and low surface slope. Additionally, the rise in groundwater levels has led to secondary salinization when water withdraws during dry conditions, resulting in salt accumulation in the soil profile, especially in surface horizons due to water evaporation. The results indicated a significant impact of some chemical properties of soil and groundwater, including ESP, SAR, MCAR, P.S, Na, CROSS, and the quantity of soluble salts. It is also considered a crucial indicator of soil salinity in the study area, either directly through its high statistically significant relationship with measured salinity or indirectly through its impact on increasing the SAR ratio in the soil. Chloride salts are identified as the primary cause of elevated soil salinity. When selecting the relationship between ESP and SAR in the soil.

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Groundwater Quality Assessment Using GIS Based on some Pollution Indicators over the Past 10 Years (2005–2015): a Case Study from Semi-Arid Harran Plain, Turkey

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Groundwater Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Modeling in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Province, Saudi Arabia

Using GIS Techniques to Determine Appropriate Locations for Constructing Concrete Water Canals in the Baranti Plain of Erbil Governorate, Iraq

Study of Salt Phases and Groundwater Chemically in some Iraqi Soils

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