Groundwater Quality of Some Parts of Coastal Bhola District, Bangladesh: Exceptional Evidence

Abstract

The composition of groundwater governs the drinking and irrigation water suitability. A large part of the coastal region of Bangladesh is affected and is responsible for changing the composition of the groundwater. This research attempted to observe the groundwater quality of the Bhola Sadar and Char Fasson upazilas in coastal Bangladesh. Twenty-eight (28) water samples, 27 at depths of 260–430 m (850–1400 ft) and 1 from a crop field, were collected and analyzed. The quality of water samples was determined through the evaluation of odor, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) ions. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal analysis. The outcomes were compared with the drinking water quality of Bangladesh and the World Health Organization. The results showed that the average values of nearly all of the parameters were underneath or within the standard level, representing that the groundwater was appropriate for drinking purposes. The water quality parameters were also compared with the irrigation water quality of Bangladesh and the Food and Agriculture Organization. It was found that the collected samples were also suitable for irrigation. To do this, the soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelley’s ratio, and total hardness were calculated. The novelty of this research is that, despite being in a coastal district, the deep aquifer water of Bhola was appropriate for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Toward Contamination in Coastal Regions for Groundwater Quality, Fluoride, Nitrate and Human Health Risk Assessments Within Multi-aquifer Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

“…These findings have been in compliance to a recent study conducted in a neighboring area by [12] where the average pH reading was reported as 7.12. Moreover, investigations carried out in coastal regions of China [45] and Bangladesh [46] have reported a similar average pH range of 7-8.…”

“…In terms of electrical conductivity (EC), readings varied from 2062.97 µS/cm to 14114.58 µS/cm, averaging 6715.78 µS/cm, exceeding the permissible limit. A recent study on coastal groundwater in Bhola District, Bangladesh, reported an average EC of 588.15 µS/cm [46], indicating a notable difference between the two reports. However, the EC values observed in this study align with those found in coastal aquifers of Southern Kenya [47], Western Cape Province, South Africa [48], and South [49].…”

Assessment of hydrogeochemistry in groundwater using water quality index model and indices approaches

“…Turning to the practical standpoint of this research work, it is worth mentioning that the sustainable management of water resources in often challenging due to financial compliance, institutional framework, requirement of sophisticated analytical procedure and establishment, lack of skilled human resources [ [ 31 , [114] , [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] , [119] ]]. Developed countries in the world mitigate these challenges through regional management tools (e.g., Water Framework Directive for European countries) but it remains as a tremendous challenge for developing countries like Bangladesh.…”

Investigation of groundwater and its seasonal variation in a rural region in Natore, Bangladesh

“…In some districts, water is suitable for irrigation purposes, whereas in some districts, there is a shortage of safe drinking water during the dry season. Heavy metals or metalloids and salinity intrusion are also sometimes found in groundwater [ [36] , [37] , [38] ]. To ensure safe drinking water, knowledge of water pollution is important, as water, sanitation, and hygiene are the cause of 8.5 % of deaths in Bangladesh [ 39 ].…”