Groundwater recharge assessment at local and episodic scale in a soil mantled perched karst aquifer in southern Italy

Allocca, Vincenzo; Vita, Pantaleone De; Manna, F.; Nimmo, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.032

Cited by 59 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…KAGIS calculates the water in the soil reservoir state for each polygon and day following Equations and . Similar approaches to KAGIS models can be found in Martos‐Rosillo, Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Pedrera, Cruz‐SanJulián, and Rubio (); Martos‐Rosillo et al (); Allocca, De Vita, Manna, and Nimmo () or Kirn et al ().

{SR}_{i, j} = {SR}_{i, j - 1} + {IWnet}_{i, j} - {ET}_{0 i, j},

where SR i,j [mm] is the value of the water in the soil reservoir volume at polygon i and day j , and SR i,j −1 [mm] is the water in the soil reservoir volume at the same polygon i the previous day j −1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Validating the KAGIS black‐box GIS‐based model in a Mediterranean karst aquifer: Case of study of Mela aquifer (SE Spain)

Valdés-Abellán

Pla

Fernández-Mejuto

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Karst Aquifer GIS‐based model (KAGIS model) is developed and applied to Mela aquifer, a small karst aquifer located in a Mediterranean region (SE Spain). This model considers different variables, such as precipitation, land use, surface slope and lithology, and their geographical heterogeneity to calculate both, the run‐off coefficients and the fraction of precipitation which contributes to fill the soil water reservoir existing above the aquifer. Evapotranspiration uptakes deplete water, exclusively, from this soil water reservoir and aquifer recharge occurs when water in the soil reservoir exceeds the soil field capacity. The proposed model also obtains variations of the effective porosity in a vertical profile, an intrinsic consequence of the karstification processes. A new proposal from the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index, adapted to arid environments, is presented and employed to evaluate the model's ability to predict the water table oscillations. The uncertainty in the model parameters is determined by the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation method. Afterwards, when KAGIS is calibrated, wavelet analysis is applied to the resulting data in order to evaluate the variability in the aquifer behaviour. Wavelet analysis reveals that the rapid hydrogeological response, typical of a wide variety of karst systems, is the prevailing feature of Mela aquifer. This study proves that KAGIS is a useful tool to quantify recharge and discharge rates of karst aquifers and can be effectively applied to develop a proper management of water resources in Mediterranean areas.

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{SR}_{i, j} = {SR}_{i, j - 1} + {IWnet}_{i, j} - {ET}_{0 i, j},

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Validating the KAGIS black‐box GIS‐based model in a Mediterranean karst aquifer: Case of study of Mela aquifer (SE Spain)

Valdés-Abellán

Pla

Fernández-Mejuto

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…For simplicity, a constant thickness H e = 14 m was assumed. For K e , values between 10 −7 m/s and 10 −3 m/s have been suggested e.g., Freeze and Cherry [39], and such a wide interval was confirmed by more recent studies e.g., White, Worthington, Allocca et al, Binet et al [40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Estimation Of the Parameters Of The Slope Modelmentioning

confidence: 63%

Interaction between Perched Epikarst Aquifer and Unsaturated Soil Cover in the Initiation of Shallow Landslides in Pyroclastic Soils

Greco

Marino

Santonastaso

et al. 2018

Water

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A physically based mathematical model of the slope of Cervinara (southern Italy), which is characterized by a shallow pyroclastic soil cover laying upon a limestone fractured bedrock, has been developed. Previous and current ongoing monitoring suggested that leakage through the soil-bedrock interface occurred, with leaking water temporarily stored in a perched aquifer located in the upper part of the fractured limestone (epikarst). This aquifer supplied several springs, and recharge to the deeper groundwater circulation occurred. Hence, in the proposed model, the unsaturated water flow taking place within the soil cover is coupled with the saturated water flow in the perched aquifer. The application of the model to the simulation of the slope hydrologic behavior over a period of 11 years, between 2006-2017, provides realistic results in terms of soil storage, epikarst storage, spring discharge, and groundwater recharge. The different response times of soil and epikarst aquifer to precipitation input allow distinguishing the hydrological predisposing causes of potential landsliding (i.e., a few months of persistent rainfall that is capable of filling the epikarst aquifer) from the triggers, which are represented by single intense rainfall events. The application of the model offers a key of interpretation of the hydrological processes leading to the landslide that occurred on 16 December 1999.Water 2018, 10, 948 2 of 17 e.g., Glade et al., Chleborad et al. [11,12], which are in any case much longer than the triggering event duration. This confirms the role played by large-scale (in space and time) hydrological processes as the predisposing causes of landslides, with the triggering rainfall being only the last push for the slope to fail [13].In Campania (southern Italy), steep slopes covered with a few meters of pyroclastic loose granular deposits, which are mainly ashes (sand to loamy sand) with some layers of pumices (sandy gravel) laying upon fractured limestone bedrock, are sometimes subjected to fast destructive flowslides e.g., Picarelli et al. [14]. Although it is commonly recognized that slope failure occurs when rainfall infiltration leads to the vanishing of the contribution to shear strength offered by soil suction in unsaturated conditions e.g., Lu and Likos, Greco and Gargano [15,16], the process leading to the establishment of such a condition is still debated. Many studies indicate that a prominent role is played by the hydraulic behavior of the soil-bedrock interface. In some cases, the interface is considered as poorly pervious, owing to the presence of a layer of fine-textured altered soil (silty sand) with low hydraulic conductivity [17,18]. In other studies, the interface is modeled as a capillary barrier due to the coarse dimension of limestone fractures, under the hypothesis that they contain air at atmospheric pressure [19]. Conversely, other authors consider the soil-bedrock interface pervious, and focus on the formation of perched aquifers within the fractured limestone, which affect the wa...

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“…Therefore, the latter have a general high permeability grade especially in the surficial epikarst zone (Petrella, Capuano, & Celico, 2007. These characteristics coupled with extended endorheic morphologies lead to a high groundwater recharge rate, varying between 48% and 78% of the mean annual effective precipitation (Allocca et al, 2014(Allocca et al, , 2015 in dependence of the relative abundance of limestone and dolomite lithologies, as well as ash-fall pyroclastic covers (Celico et al, 2010;De Vita & Nappi, 2013;Fusco, Allocca, & De Vita, 2017;Fusco, De Vita, Napolitano, Allocca, & Manna, 2013). Groundwater flow directions are controlled by geometric relationships of the permeability boundaries with the adjoining low-permeability Meso-Cenozoic terrigenous complexes.…”

Section: Meso-cenozoic Carbonate Platform Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeology of continental southern Italy

et al. 2018

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This paper summarizes the results of a study focused on the hydrogeological characterization and recognition of groundwater resources in continental southern Italy, developed under the European INTERREG IIC Programme. The study reconstructed up-to-date scientific knowledge regarding aquifers, groundwater circulation schemes and groundwater resources exploitation in the administrative regions of southern Italy included in the Objective I (Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia and Calabria). In this paper, the methodological approaches applied to synthesize and homogenize bibliographic data collected from the hydrogeological literature and to set a regional hydrogeological mapping are described. Results presented are three hydrogeological maps, 1:300,000 scale, showing hydrogeological units and groundwater flow schemes that are relevant in the regional hydrogeological context, and a brief description of principal types of aquifer and groundwater resources of continental southern Italy. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Groundwater recharge assessment at local and episodic scale in a soil mantled perched karst aquifer in southern Italy

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Validating the KAGIS black‐box GIS‐based model in a Mediterranean karst aquifer: Case of study of Mela aquifer (SE Spain)

Validating the KAGIS black‐box GIS‐based model in a Mediterranean karst aquifer: Case of study of Mela aquifer (SE Spain)

Interaction between Perched Epikarst Aquifer and Unsaturated Soil Cover in the Initiation of Shallow Landslides in Pyroclastic Soils

Hydrogeology of continental southern Italy

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