Groundwater storage change and driving factor analysis in north china using independent component decomposition

Evaluation of Terrestrial Water Storage and Flux in North China by Using GRACE Combined Gravity Field Solutions and Hydrometeorological Models

“…Therefore, we added the degree-one coefficients from Technical Note 13 into SH solutions [31] and substituted the C 20 coefficients with satellite laser ranging solutions [32]. Moreover, the ICE6G-D model was used to correct the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effects [33], and the 19 months of missing data over the study period in the TWSA time series were filled with the cubic spline interpolation method [23,24,28].…”

“…The multifaceted applications of GRACE in North China have also scored tremendous achievements. Numerous studies have focused on estimating the change rates of TWS-related elements using GRACE-based models over different periods [1,2,[22][23][24][25][26], and the driving factors and mechanisms of water resource change have been further investigated [27,28]. Furthermore, the environmental disasters induced by the depletion of water resources have been studied in-depth [3,6,7,29].…”

Separating the Precipitation‐ and Non‐Precipitation‐ Driven Water Storage Trends in China

“…The other group is to establish the relationship between different driving factors and TWSA through mathematical or statistical methods to isolate the effects of different factors. This type of method can be divided into the following three subgroups according to previous studies: (a) treating various influencing factors as independent variables, including temperature, precipitation, groundwater level, urbanization level, etc., and counting the contribution share of various factors in the change of water storage by different statistical methods such as multiple linear regression, regression subset selection approach, dominance analysis, gray relation analysis, and correlation analysis (H. Chen et al., 2020; Cui et al., 2022; H. J. Deng & Chen, 2017; L. Deng et al., 2022; T. F. Feng et al., 2022; K. Liu et al., 2021; Thomas & Famiglietti, 2019); (b) establishing the relationship between annual precipitation anomaly and annual TWSC through linear regression to represent climate‐driven changes in TWS (Yi et al., 2016); (c) reconstructing climate‐driven TWSA by a statistical model which relates precipitation and temperature to TWSA (Humphrey & Gudmundsson, 2019; B. Liu et al., 2021; Zhong et al., 2019). We summarize above separation methods in Figure A1 to make it easier to understand.…”

“…This type of method can be divided into the following three subgroups according to previous studies: (a) treating various influencing factors as independent variables, including temperature, precipitation, groundwater level, urbanization level, etc., and counting the contribution share of various factors in the change of water storage by different statistical methods such as multiple linear regression, regression subset selection approach, dominance analysis, gray relation analysis, and correlation analysis (H. Cui et al, 2022; H. J. Deng & Chen, 2017; L. Deng et al, 2022;T. F. Feng et al, 2022;K.…”

Inter‐Basin Water Transfer Effectively Compensates for Regional Unsustainable Water Use

“…This means that substantial irrigation water is required to satisfy local crop water consumption, and most of the NCP irrigation water is supported via the overexploitation of groundwater (W. Yang et al., 2022). As a result, the NCP has more intensive irrigation demand and higher rates of groundwater extraction (W. Feng et al., 2018; T. Feng et al., 2022; Gong et al., 2018; Lv et al., 2021; Nagaraj et al., 2021; Pan et al., 2017; K. Zhang et al., 2022) than anywhere else in the world, leading to a 10 ∼ 20 mm/year declining trend in TWS (Rodell et al., 2018; Scanlon et al., 2018; Tapley et al., 2019). This long‐term and consistent depletion of NCP TWS and groundwater leads to significant local environmental problems including land subsidence and seawater intrusion (Gong et al., 2018).…”