Groundwater suitability for irrigated agriculture in Alluvial Bengal delta plain: Areview

Abstract

<p>Groundwater is a vital source of irrigation and domestic purposes in Bangladesh, and hence, it must satisfy the water quality guidelines. The study has selected eleven (11) Districts of Bangladesh and collect secondary data regarding the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Several irrigation water indices, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index are applied to evaluate irrigation water quality. According to IWQindex, the results showed 25.5% of water samples fell in highly suitability water type, whereas 33.5% exhibited low suitability type, and the remaining 41% were showed medium suitability for irrigation purposes. The values of SAR, SSP, RSBC, and MAR indices showed that about 31-64% of water samples were very good, whereas 5-20% were very poor for the same purpose. The results of TDS, EC, and total hardness showed good results as 88-93% of water samples fell in fair to excellent quality. The salinity hazard was found in the groundwater of coastal areas and completely unfit for irrigation. The study findings would help for improving the management of the groundwater resources for agricultural purposes in Bangladesh.</p>

Comparison of classical and developed indexing methods for assessing the groundwater suitability for irrigation

“…Bangladesh has explored the IWQ in 14 zones Bangladesh (Islam & Mostafa, 2021c). The result of those studies exposed that the irrigation water of coastal regions such as the District of Sathkhira (Mirza et al, 2012), Borguna (Islam et al, 2016), Lakshipur (Bhuiyan et al, 2016), Khulna (Didar‐ul et al, 2017) and so on are extremely sodicity affected and those waters are not suitable for irrigation use.…”

“…The result of those studies exposed that the irrigation water of coastal regions such as the District of Sathkhira (Mirza et al, 2012), Borguna (Islam et al, 2016), Lakshipur (Bhuiyan et al, 2016), Khulna (Didar‐ul et al, 2017) and so on are extremely sodicity affected and those waters are not suitable for irrigation use. Another irrigation water of the east‐northern and northern regions of the country has a little salinity problem (Islam & Mostafa, 2021c). But this present study revealed that, except for EC and temporary Ca‐hardness problem, the irrigation water of the study zone is very good in position.…”

“…IWQ was measured enormously in the coastal areas where salinity is a serious problem (Ahmed et al, 2018; Islam & Mostafa, 2021b; Islam et al, 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d; Mirza et al, 2012). But the upper Ganges River basin area, the calcium‐hardness, and excess trace metal loading in groundwater are the main quality issues (Islam & Mostafa, 2021c). So, it is very crucial needed to evaluate properly the water quality for surface irrigational practice in the study area.…”

“…groundwater are the main quality issues (Islam & Mostafa, 2021c). So, it is very crucial needed to evaluate properly the water quality for surface irrigational practice in the study area.…”

Development of an Integrated Irrigation Water Quality Index (IIWQIndex) model

“…The suitability of water for irrigation uses is justified on the probable severity of hazard that can be predictable to develop during continuous use. The hazards that result differ both in kind and quantity and are adapted by soil, local climate, and plant, along with by the ability and knowledge of the irrigation activist (Islam & Mostafa 2021a;Rahim & Mostafa 2021). Thus, there is no usually bound on water quality; rather, its fitness for use is determined by the conditions of use that affect the accumulation of the water constituents and which may restrict crop yield.…”