Groundwater treatment by reverse osmosis

Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment

“…A pilot-scale study (5 m 3 /h) conducted using raw water from Seine River (near the intake point of Paris water supply) with an MF-NF system (Nanofiltration with 250 D cut-off size) showed a very high degree of treatment efficiency as shown in Table 5.6 (Tanghe et al, 1992). A study conducted by Compagnie General des Eaux to investigate the applicability of NF (Filmtec-NF 70) as post treatment in surface water treatment showed that NF is suitable for removing micropollutants in water (Table 5.7) and can meet the water quality guidelines (Bourbigot et al, 1993;Cote et al, 1993). Different NF had been tested for treatment of Colorado surface waters from mountain watersheds, USA.…”

Pilot demonstration of concentrated solar-powered desalination of subsurface agricultural drainage water and other brackish groundwater sources

“…This has motivated the need for desalination of brackish groundwater for agricultural irrigation as well as desalination of agricultural drainage water for reuse. In [8], low-pressure RO was applied to a low-salinity groundwater feed for production of high-purity water for the beverage industry. The authors noted that despite the more favorable conditions for RO, after about 20 weeks, membrane flux decreased by 10% and the pressure drop increased by nearly 10% due to membrane fouling [8].…”

“…In [8], low-pressure RO was applied to a low-salinity groundwater feed for production of high-purity water for the beverage industry. The authors noted that despite the more favorable conditions for RO, after about 20 weeks, membrane flux decreased by 10% and the pressure drop increased by nearly 10% due to membrane fouling [8]. Besides the treatment of low-salinity feeds, groundwater and agricultural drainage pose a serious technological and environmental challenge for RO.…”

A method for evaluating antiscalant retardation of crystal nucleation and growth on RO membranes

“…However, water recovery in RO desalination is typically limited due to fouling by colloidal matter [6,7], biofouling [8][9][10] and mineral scaling [5,[11][12][13][14]. Mineral scaling, which is the focus of the present work, is of particular concern in the desalination of brackish groundwater [15,16], agricultural drainage water [3,5,17], as well as in water reuse applications [18]. Mineral salts that typically hinder RO desalination of brackish water at high recovery include calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, barium sulfate, and silica [5,11,19].…”