Groundwater Treatment using a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cell with Mesh Electrodes

Oriol, Roger; Clematis, Davide; Brillas, Enric; Cortina, José Luis; Panizza, Marco; Sirés, Ignasi

doi:10.1002/celc.201801906

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To investigate the influence of the thickness and density of the polymer on the antifouling resistance, static antimicrobial tests were performed by comparing the quantity of bacterial colonies found to be present on membranes after 2 h of contact with a bacterial suspension [E. coli, PGEN-GFP (LVA) ampR], also called the plate-counting method. The protocol used is described in our previous publication 39 and is also given in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Polymer Forest on Membranes: Tuning Density, Thickness, and Architecture for Biofouling Control

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Applying membrane technology for alleviating the water crisis calls for the investigation of green, low-cost, and stable antibiofouling membranes. In this study, a forestlike polymer layer consisting of a homopolymer or dual-functional block copolymer with fouling resistant and antimicrobial properties was grafted onto graphene oxide-coated polyamide (PA) membranes to control biofouling. Activators regenerated by the electron transfer-atom transfer radical polymerization technique were utilized to controllably grow a polymer on the membrane with a desired density, thickness, and architecture. With a higher density, the polymer forest protects the membrane from bacteria attachment more effectively. Surface hydrophilicity significantly improves the bacteria resistance of the membrane. Block copolymer brushes with different architectures mitigate biofouling caused by Gram-positive (G(+)) and Gram-negative (G(−)) bacteria via different strategies. With a bacteria-"attacking" moiety on top, the membrane is found to reduce biofouling caused by Bacillus subtilis via a bacteria-"defending" and bacteria-"attacking" synergistic effect. However, in controlling biofouling caused by Escherichia coli, the bacteria-"defending" function plays a critical role. The block copolymermodified membrane exhibits a lower flux decrease (27%) associated with E. coli proliferation compared to that for a control PA membrane (80%), and it also achieves a 100% flux recovery after two cycles of "fouling−cleaning" operation. The results from this study elucidates the structure−property−performance relationship for polymer forest-grafted membranes and exemplifies engineering design for a polymer brush used for developing the next generation of functional membranes. KEYWORDS: biofouling, thin film composite (TFC) membrane, polymer brush, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…coli, PGEN-GFP (LVA) ampR], also called the plate-counting method. The protocol used is described in our previous publication and is also given in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Polymer Forest on Membranes: Tuning Density, Thickness, and Architecture for Biofouling Control

Yang

Chen

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…In the second case, a system based on solid polymer electrolyte (SPE-system) was used avoiding the addition of any salt. [40][41] In order to identify optimal experimental conditions, the influence of key parameters, such as current density, flow conditions and electrolyte support concentration was evaluated by means of pollutants, COD removal and energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode for the Electrochemical Removal of Parabens in Low‐Conductive Solution: From a Conventional Flow Cell to a Solid Polymer Electrolyte System

et al. 2020

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Solution conductivity plays a fundamental role for the employment of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) and in the determination of their energy consumption. In this paper, a conventional flow cell based on a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode that requires the addition of supporting electrolyte, is compared with a cell setup based on solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The new cell configuration avoids the addition of salt to increase solution conductivity. The performances of the two systems are compared for the treatment of different solutions containing methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben. Both systems are able to remove all the three parabens, but the SPE‐system provided a better performance, with a maximum COD removal of 91 % and energy consumption of 16.25 kWh m−3, whereas the conventional system can remove a maximum of 81 % consuming 10.92 kWh m−3. The influences of parameters such as current density, flow conditions and supporting electrolyte concentration were analyzed, and results confirm that the SPE system is a promising system to treat low‐conductive solutions polluted by parabens.

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“…The efficient removal of several pesticides from synthetic solutions by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) like electro-oxidation (EO), electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) using BDD or DSA  anodes has been reported [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In contrast, less is known about the treatment of pesticides in groundwater, since as far as we know only the treatment of lindane and IMC has been reported [34,35]. For IMC, EO [14,[35][36][37] and EF [38][39][40] processes, along with electrocoagulation [41], have been studied in different water matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, less is known about the treatment of pesticides in groundwater, since as far as we know only the treatment of lindane and IMC has been reported [34,35]. For IMC, EO [14,[35][36][37] and EF [38][39][40] processes, along with electrocoagulation [41], have been studied in different water matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paired electro-oxidation of insecticide imidacloprid and electrodenitrification in simulated and real water matrices

Oriol

Bernícola

Brillas

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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Groundwater is one of the main freshwater resources on the Earth, but its contamination by NO3 − and pesticides jeopardizes its suitability for consumption. In this work, the simultaneous electro-oxidation of insecticide imidacloprid (IMC) and electroreduction of NO3 − in softened groundwater containing a large amount of Cl − has been addressed. The assays were carried out in a stirred undivided tank reactor containing either a boron-doped diamond (BDD) or IrO2 anode, and Fe cathode, which showed greater electrocatalytic activity than stainless steel to reduce NO3 − . Comparative assays in simulated water mimicking the anionic composition of groundwater were made to assess the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the decontamination process. The BDD/Fe cell had much greater performance than the IrO2/Fe one, although the former produced larger amounts of ClO3 − and ClO4 − . In all cases, the NO3 − , Cl − and IMC decays agreed with a (pseudo)-first-order kinetics. In the BDD/Fe cell, total NO3 − removal was reached at j ≥ 10 mA cm -2 in softened groundwater, at similar rate in the presence and absence of IMC, but it was decelerated using the simulated matrix. The N-products formed upon NO3 − electroreduction contributed to IMC degradation, but its decay was inhibited by NOM because of the partial consumption of oxidants like hydroxyl radical and active chlorine.Operating at 5 mA cm -2 for 240 min, total removal of the insecticide and 61.5% total organic carbon (TOC) decay were achieved, also attaining a low NO3 − content that was suitable for humans. Eight heteroaromatic products were identified, allowing the proposal of a reaction sequence for IMC degradation in groundwater.

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Groundwater Treatment using a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cell with Mesh Electrodes

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Engineering Polymer Forest on Membranes: Tuning Density, Thickness, and Architecture for Biofouling Control

Engineering Polymer Forest on Membranes: Tuning Density, Thickness, and Architecture for Biofouling Control

A Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode for the Electrochemical Removal of Parabens in Low‐Conductive Solution: From a Conventional Flow Cell to a Solid Polymer Electrolyte System

Paired electro-oxidation of insecticide imidacloprid and electrodenitrification in simulated and real water matrices

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