Group 14 inorganic hydrocarbon analogues

Abstract

Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in our daily lives due to their use as commodity materials (e.g. polyethylene) and fuels. Heavier Group 14 element hydrides, termed herein as "inorganic hydrocarbon analogues", often exhibit divergent reactivity with respect to their organic congeners. In addition to expanding our general knowledge with respect to periodic trends, inorganic Group 14 hydrides have a prominent role in industry as gaseous, and now liquid-phase, precursors to semi-conducting films; furthermore, these species have been successfully used to prepare nanomaterials of controllable shape and function. This Review covers these exciting fields of study along with providing computationally-derived insights from the literature as they pertain to the reactivity and structural diversity of inorganic hydrocarbon analogues (118 references).

Direct gap Ge1-ySny alloys: Fabrication and design of mid-IR photodiodes

“…16 The chemistry and applications of group-IV hydrocarbon analogues have been recently reviewed by Rivard. 17 The alternative SnCl 4 precursor is used in combination with Ge 2 H 6 as the Ge source. 13,14 In a typical growth experiment, the gas ratio is held constant, and the film compositions are varied by changing the growth temperature 18 4 to deposit Sn at low temperatures despite the relatively high strength of the Sn-Cl bond (0.33 eV).…”

Access to Base Adducts of Low‐Valent Organotin‐Hydride Compounds by Controlled, Stepwise Hydrogen Abstraction from a Tetravalent Organotin Trihydride

“…Although organotint rihydrides are long known,adiorganodistannane has only recently been reported. [6] Seminal contributionst ot he field of tin(II) hydrides have been presented by Power and coworkers, who described the observation of isomers of (ArSnH) 2 (Ar = various bulky terphenyl moieties). The dimers revealed either symmetrical m-H bridging or valence isomerism to give dihydrostannylstannylenes.…”

“…[4] The unsaturated tin homologues of methylene and ethylene have long been the subjecto ft heoretical considerations and have been postulated as transienti ntermediates, but experimental insights are limited to spectroscopice xamination in condensed gas matricesa tv ery low temperatures and computationals tudies, which also revealed their deviation from the structure of ethylene ( Figure 1). [5] The partial substitution of hydrogen in the parents pecies SnH 4 ,S n 2 H 6 ,S nH 2 and Sn 2 H 4 by sufficiently bulky organic residues results in the stabilisation of these compounds and allowst heir synthesis on ap reparative scale therebye nabling their spectroscopic characterisation ( Figure 1). Although organotint rihydrides are long known,adiorganodistannane has only recently been reported.…”

“…The much less intensely studied versatile chemistry associatedw ith these simple inorganic model compounds has recently been reviewed. [2] The differences mainly stem from the decreasing stabilityo ft he EÀH as well as EÀEb ond on descending the periodic table from carbon to lead. Although PbH 4 is not accessible on ap reparative scale, the corresponding tin hydride, SnH 4 ,i sa ccessible and can be stored for alimited period of time.…”

Synthesis of a α-Chlorosilyl Functionalized Donor-Stabilized Chlorogermylene

“…As the complexity of the tetrylenes increases with more intricate ligand architectures [9], functionalization protocols in the presence of uncompromised low-valent Group 14 centers conveniently allow for a comparatively straightforward diversification in the final stages of ligand synthesis. While the interconversion of functional groups is just beginning to emerge in the case of heavier multiple bonds [10], numerous examples have been reported for the heavier tetrylenes [11][12][13][14][15]. Recently, Scheschkewitz et al have taken a similar approach with the synthesis of the multiply functional NHC-coordinated silagermenylidenes, I and II (Scheme 1) [16,17], which serve as precursors for cyclic NHC-coordinated germylenes of type III, IV, and V under consumption of the Si=Ge bond, but retention of the low-valent germanium center (Scheme 1) [16,18,19].…”