Group AStreptococcusAntibiotic Resistance in Southern Brazil: A 17-Year Surveillance Study

Abstract

This polyclonal spreading of cMLS(B) macrolide resistance has not been previously observed in South America and should stimulate further epidemiological surveillance in this part of the world.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, emm type distribution and genetic diversity of Streptococcus pyogenes recovered in Brazil

“…The tetracycline resistance rate was lower than that observed in a study conducted in Brazil one decade ago, in which the authors reported 43.1% resistance ( D‘Oliveira et al 2003 ). Instead, it was very similar to recent data from southern Brazil and Portugal ( Torres et al 2011 , Friães et al 2012 ). However, 73% resistance to this antimicrobial was reported in a recent study from India ( Mathur et al 2014 ).…”

“…Regarding erythromycin and clindamycin resistance, the rates found here far exceeded those previously reported in the same geographical area ( D‘Oliveira et al 2003 , Torres et al 2011 ), but they are very similar to those described in some recent studies conducted in Europe ( Friães et al 2012 , Syrogiannopoulos et al 2013 ). While a trend of decreasing erythromycin resistance has been recently observed in Spain and Taiwan ( Huang et al 2014 , Montes et al 2014 ), the resistance rates in our study fluctuated over the years.…”

“…Inducible and constitutive MLS B phenotypes, which are associated with ermA and/or ermB genes, were observed among isolates belonging to a variety of emm types, reflecting the polyclonal origin of such isolates. It is worth noting that the M phenotype and the mefA/E genotype, associated with emm12 , were common in Brazil before the year 2000 ( Torres et al 2011 ), but they have not been detected since that time, either by those authors or in this study. In contrast, MLS B emerged after the 2000s and is linked to a variety of emm types, such as emm11 , emm22 , emm28 and emm73 ( Torres et al 2011 ).…”

“…It is worth noting that the M phenotype and the mefA/E genotype, associated with emm12 , were common in Brazil before the year 2000 ( Torres et al 2011 ), but they have not been detected since that time, either by those authors or in this study. In contrast, MLS B emerged after the 2000s and is linked to a variety of emm types, such as emm11 , emm22 , emm28 and emm73 ( Torres et al 2011 ). In contrast to this local replacement of the M phenotype with the cMLS B phenotype, the M phenotype has been prevalent over 12 years of survey (1998-2010) in Taiwan ( Huang et al 2014 ).…”

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes Strain 06BA18369, a Human Pathogen Associated with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Northern Canada

“…S. pyogenes isolates are uniformly susceptible to penicillin but have demonstrated resistance to other classes of antimicrobials, including macrolides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides (1–3). Epidemiological surveillance of S. pyogenes in Canada has identified emm type 1 as its leading cause of invasive infections (4).…”