Group A Streptococcal Vir Types Are M-Protein Gene (<i>emm</i>) Sequence Type Specific

Gardiner, Don L.; Goodfellow, Alison; Martin, Diana; Sriprakash, K S

doi:10.1128/jcm.36.4.902-907.1998

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Further polymorphism within the Vir types was scored by emm typing which differentiated 16 VTs into 23 emm types indicating 57AE5% heterogeneity. Vir type-specific emm type was observed in most of the clinical isolates, which confirmed that heterogeneity is because of variation in the emm gene rather than diversity in architecture of the Vir regulon (Gardiner et al 1998). In contrast few samples from our study showed same emm type for isolates showing different VTs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The results when analysed with the data available from other countries highlighted significant diversity within this small number of isolates screened from north India. Reports from Australia indicated 10% heterogeneity by grouping 407 isolates of GAS into 42 distinct genotypes (Cleary et al 1991) and 19% variation by showing 20 Vir types among 103 GAS isolates (Gardiner et al 1998). Similarly, another report from Romania (Surdeanu et al 2000) accounted for 34% diversity in GAS isolates by showing 22 Vir types from 64 isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The emm gene-specific amplicon was used as a template to determine the sequence of hypervariable region of emm gene. Approximately 30 ng of PCR product was sequenced by using primer (5¢-ATAAGGAGCATAAAAATGGCT-3¢) with the dye terminator mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and subjected to automated sequence analysis (Beall et al 1998;Gardiner et al 1998) on a 310 model autosequencer (Applied Biosystems) as per manufacturer's instructions. The cycling parameters were 96°C for 30 s, 50°C for 15 s and 60°C for 4 min.…”

Section: Emm Gene Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serology-based typing methods have their own limitations, therefore alternate molecular methods are being applied with varying degrees of success (Seppala et al 1994). One such method: Vir-typing, based on the Vir regulon of GAS representing M and M-related proteins as well as other virulence genes have been found to be highly discriminatory and useful in epidemiological typing (Gardiner et al 1995(Gardiner et al , 1998. Recently a typing scheme based on the emm gene (Beall et al 1996), that encode particularly M and M-like protein has been put to a wide use for global characterization of GAS isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of emm types of GAS have been explored successfully from several countries (Gardiner et al 1998;Dicuonzo et al 2001;Espinosa et al 2003) but little is known regarding the emm type distribution of GAS from India (Menon et al 2001). Earlier studies from our laboratory regarding typing of GAS by ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA fragment (RAPD) analysis showed heterogeneity among the north Indian strains (unpublished observation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular heterogeneity among north Indian isolates of Group A Streptococcus

Sagar¹,

Bakshi²,

Nandi³

et al. 2004

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aim: To monitor molecular heterogeneity among the clinical isolates of group A Streptococcus (GAS) from north India by Vir and emm typing. Methods and Results: GAS isolates, 31 from pharyngitis and nine from rheumatic fever (RF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients were differentiated into 16 Vir types (VT). These isolates were further discriminated into 23 emm types. Most of emm types were Vir type specific, except few (7AE5%), which revealed different Vir types within same emm type. The most prevalent emm type found was emm 49 (15%) followed by 7AE5% of emm 69, emm 71 and emm 75 which were different from emm type distribution reported from south India. Conclusions: Analysis of data revealed 40% heterogeneity by Vir typing and 57AE5% by emm typing among GAS isolates which is significant in view of small number of isolates studied. Significance of Impact of the Study: The molecular study for the first time demonstrates different emm types prevalent and circulating in northern region of India and such data may help in selection of types for vaccine development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Emm Gene Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Molecular heterogeneity among north Indian isolates of Group A Streptococcus

Sagar¹,

Bakshi²,

Nandi³

et al. 2004

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Clonal Relationships Among Isolates of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes of Different Geographical Origin

Kataja¹,

Huovinen²,

Efstratiou

et al. 2002

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The clonal relationships among 261 erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates collected in 1986-1997 from nine countries in Europe and North and South America were studied by using two molecular typing methods: Vir typing and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A total of 49 different Vir genotypes (VTs) and 33 different RAPD patterns were noted among the 261 isolates. Isolates that shared the same VT and RAPD pattern were considered to belong to the same clone. Although as many as 60 different clones were found among the isolates studied, only seven clones, comprising 157 of the 261 (60%) isolates, were found in more than one country. Five of these seven clones expressed the M phenotype known to be associated with the drug efflux mechanism, and only two clones expressed the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-resistance phenotype. The results indicate a polyclonal spread of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes. Furthermore, predominance of the seven clones indicates that erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes of the same clonal origin may be widely distributed and found in several different countries.

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Prevalence of emm types of Group A streptococci recovered from school children and hospital patients in Bangalore City, India

Gowda

Melbin

Patil

et al. 2010

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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A total of sixty non repetitive isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) recovered from throat cultures of asymptomatic school children (n = 36), school children with clinical pharyngitis (n = 9) and hospital patients with clinical pharyngitis (n = 4) as well as diverse clinical samples from invasive GAS disease (n = 11) were subjected to emm typing. A total of 35 emm types including 3 new subtypes were identified among them. Types emm 12 (16.6%) and emm 71 (6.6%) were the most prevalent. The distribution of emm types identified among school children were similar to those encountered among invasive isolates but was significantly different from those reported elsewhere in India. Our study confirms the high diversity among Indian GAS isolates as well as significant regional differences among the distribution of emm types.

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Group A Streptococcal Vir Types Are M-Protein Gene (emm) Sequence Type Specific

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular heterogeneity among north Indian isolates of Group A Streptococcus

Molecular heterogeneity among north Indian isolates of Group A Streptococcus

Clonal Relationships Among Isolates of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes of Different Geographical Origin

Prevalence of emm types of Group A streptococci recovered from school children and hospital patients in Bangalore City, India

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