Group B Streptococcus colonisation, prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dschang District Hospital, West Region of Cameroon: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study

Abstract

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a Gram-positive bacterium known for its ability to colonise the vaginal and rectal areas of the mother and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS colonisation among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Dschang District Hospital. Methods:This hospital-based cross-sectional study used a multistage sampling method to recruit a total of 621 consented pregnant women who attended ANC in Dchang District Hospital. The 621 Participants at 23.5 ± 6.4 weeks gestation each completed a questionnaire and vaginal swabs were collected for GBS analysis.Results: Among the 621 pregnant women that were included in this study, the colonisation rate of GBS was found to be 8.69%. Induced abortion (odds ratio [CI] = 3.09, 95% [1.56-6.21]), Spontaneous abortions (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.14-7.29), Stillbirth (OR [CI] = 7.75, 95% [2.61-21.71]), Fever (OR [CI] = 0.37, 95% [0.19-0.71]) and anaemia (OR [CI] = 0.22, 95% [0.12-0.43]) were found to be factors associated with GBS colonisation. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that we found that, induce abortion, spontaneous abortions and stillbirths were highly associated rates of GBS colonisation, while fever and anaemia were associated with lower rates of GBS colonisation. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish the causal relationship and its biological mechanisms.Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a Gram-positive bacterium known for its ability to cause mother to foetus infection, neonatal sepsis and meningitis. 1,2 Early-onset diseases in infants such as chorioamnionitis, 3 preterm birth, 4 stillbirth 5 and meningitis 6 are the results of GBS vertical transmission from a colonised mother during or just before delivery. This suggests that maternal colonisation of the genitourinary tracts by GBS is the primary risk factor for early-onset diseases causing both early-onset (<7 days of life) and late-onset (7-89 days of life) neonatal sepsis 7 but also an important cause of premature rupture of membranes, advanced abortion, premature birth and a series of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women. 8,9 According to studies, GBS colonisation in pregnant women varies from place to place and ranged from 2.0% to 32.0%, 1 hence the prevalence of a neighbouring country or continent cannot be used to estimate the prevalence in our setting. Contradicting prevalences have been revealed according to specific sites in Sub-Saharan Africa 10 though according to Chaudhry et al 11 , this prevalence was found to be 19%. In Cameroon, few studies have been conducted on GBS with variable prevalence from 7.7% to 14% in Yaoundé 12,13 but in the West Region of Cameroon, no information exist on GBS. Awareness of GBS prevalence in specific parts of Cameroon remain an important asset to clinicians, in decision-making about the need for genital or anogenital GBS s...

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factors of Group B Streptococcus Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

“…Of the independent variables that were assessed, history of premature birth, history of preterm delivery, and history of premature rupture of the membrane were statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of GBS. In the present study, a history of stillbirth was statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of GBS, which was in agreement with the studies reported from Cameroon 43 and Ethiopia. 31 Several findings indicate that GBS infection during pregnancy can result in issues such as premature membrane rupture, stillbirth, and preterm delivery.…”

“…2,14,26,31,[39][40][41] In contrast to the present finding, a low prevalence of GBS was reported in Tigray (11.3%), Addis Ababa (7.3%), Cameroon (8.69%), Burkina Faso (6.05%), Iraq (6.7%), and China (3.5-8.7%). 8,18,[42][43][44][45] These results indicate that the prevalence of maternal GBS colonization, which is the primary risk factor for the early onset of GBS disease, differs in different countries and within the same country. 11 The variation might be due to the sample size variation, the gestational period of participants, or geographical location.…”

Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Group B Streptococcal Colonization in Mothers from the Eastern District of China

“…Bivariate analysis revealed no association of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L), parity, gravidity, gestational age, delivery method, preterm birth, birth weight, fetal sex, and gestation age for GBS screening with GBS colonization in late pregnancy ( P > 0.05) while maternal age, gestational week of birth, and PROM were correlated with GBS colonization ( P < 0.05). The lack of association of parity, gravidity, delivery method, birth weight, and fetal sex with maternal late GBS colonization was consistent with previous findings; however, data were inconsistent regarding maternal age, anemia, preterm birth, diabetes, and PROM [ 3 , 8 , 13 , 18 , 28 , 29 ]. These discrepancies may be attributable to differences in demographics, sexual activity during pregnancy, cutoff points, and fitted model structures [ 1 , 8 ].…”

“…Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a gram-positive bacterium with the ability to transfer infection from mother to fetus, causing neonatal sepsis and meningitis [1][2][3]. e latest worldwide systematic review disclosed rates of GBS colonization in pregnant women ranging from 2.0 to 32.0% [4].…”

Isolation, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile, and Associated Factors of Group B Streptococcus among Pregnant Women Attending Selected Health Institutions, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2022

“…This nding was relatively comparable to reports from Addis Ababa (14.6%) (Assefa et al, 2018), Hawassa (15.7%) (Ali et al, 2019), and Brazil (14%) (Siqueira et al, 2019). Whereas it was greater than the study ndings in Southern Asia (12.5%) and Eastern Asia (11%) (Russell et al, 2017a), Iran (11.8%) (Darabi et al, 2017), Yemeni, (10.95%) (AL-Subol et al, 2021), Cameroon (8.69%) (Sama et al, 2021), Namibia (13.6%) (Mukesi et al, 2019), Adama, Ethiopia (13.2%) (Ali et al, 2020), Arbaminch, Ethiopia (8.5%) (Shiferawu et al, 2019), Eastern, Ethiopia (13.68%) (Yadeta et al, 2018b), and in Nekemte, Ethiopia (12.2%) (Mengist et al, 2017).…”