Group bias under uncertain environment: A perspective of third-party punishment

Yang, Huadong; Zhang, Y; Lyu, Yali; Tang, Chak Wah

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103957

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our results support the Mere Preferences Hypothesis, because adolescents' perceived unfairness, anger, and TPP both exhibited IFG instead of BSE. These findings are aligned with previous research based on adults (Yudkin et al, 2016;McAuliffe et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2020Guo et al, , 2022Yang et al, 2023) and children (Jordan et al, 2014), which indicated that people are more likely to forgive ingroup offenders than outgroup offenders. From the perspective of psychological development, the replicated IFG effect in adolescents not only extends previous studies, but also coincides with recent meta-analysis results (Lazić et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Two competing hypotheses, the Mere Preferences Hypothesis and the Norms Focused Hypothesis (McAuliffe and Dunham, 2016;Zhang et al, 2020), were developed to explain the contradictory results. The Mere Preferences Hypothesis suggests that individuals' positive evaluation toward the ingroup would reduce TPP for ingroup perpetrators, supported by the majority of evidence based on adults (Yudkin et al, 2016;McAuliffe et al, 2017;Guo et al, 2020Guo et al, , 2022Yang et al, 2023) and children (Jordan et al, 2014), which supports the ingroup favoritism phenomenon (IGF). The Norms Focused Hypothesis emphasizes that individuals' concern for maintaining norms of group cooperation would enhance TPP for ingroup violators, as demonstrated by some evidence based on adults (Mendoza et al, 2014;Delton and Krasnow, 2017) and children (Gonzalez-Gadea et al, 2022), known as the black sheep effect (BSE).…”

Section: Group Membership and Tppmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Group membership and adolescents’ third-party punishment: a moderated chain mediation model

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Third-party punishment (TPP) reflects people’s social preference for fairness norms and is fundamental to maintaining fairness norms on a large scale. Several empirical studies have shown that the offender’s group membership impacts TPP, but the detailed mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The current study used the third-party punishment game task to explore the relationship between group membership, perceived unfairness, anger, and adolescents’ TPP. A total of 306 teenagers aged 12 to 15 were chosen as subjects through cluster sampling. The results showed that group membership (classmate vs. stranger) and gender can affect adolescents’ TPP together, which manifests as adolescents enacting significantly harsher punishments on strangers than on classmates, especially for boys. Group membership indirectly affects TPP through the mediating effects of perceived unfairness, anger and through a chain mediation of perceived unfairness and anger. Moreover, gender positively moderate the relationship between group membership and perceived unfairness. Specifically, group membership significantly affects boys’ perceived unfairness, but cannot predict girls’ perceived unfairness. The above results can be used to guide adolescents toward appropriate justice concepts and moral awareness, thus enhancing TPP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Group Membership and Tppmentioning

confidence: 97%

Group membership and adolescents’ third-party punishment: a moderated chain mediation model

Zhang,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Win-win or lose-lose: Children prefer the form of equality

Ma,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Acta Psychologica

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Cooperation, domination: Twin functions of third‐party punishment

Wylie,

Gantman

2024

Social & Personality Psych

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Rules serve many important functions in society. One such function is to codify, and make public and enforceable, a society's desired prescriptions and proscriptions. This codification means that rules come with predefined punishments administered by third parties. We argue that when we look at how third parties punish rule violations, we see that rules and their punishments often serve dual functions. They support and help to maintain cooperation as it is usually theorized, but they also facilitate the domination of marginalized others. We begin by reviewing literature on rules and third‐party punishment, arguing that a great deal of punishment research has neglected to consider the unique power of codified rules. We also argue that by focusing on codified rules, it becomes clear that the enforcement of such rules via third‐party punishment is often used to exert control, punish retributively, and oppress outgroup members. By challenging idealized theory of rules as facilitators of social harmony, we highlight their role in satisfying personal punishment motives, and facilitating discrimination in a way that is uniquely justifiable to those who enforce them.

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Group bias under uncertain environment: A perspective of third-party punishment

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Group membership and adolescents’ third-party punishment: a moderated chain mediation model

Group membership and adolescents’ third-party punishment: a moderated chain mediation model

Win-win or lose-lose: Children prefer the form of equality

Cooperation, domination: Twin functions of third‐party punishment

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