1974
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.124.6.588
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Group Exposure (Flooding) in vivo for Agoraphobics

Abstract: Exposure treatments such as flooding are being used increasingly for phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders (reviewed by Marks, 1972). The shortage of treatment personnel has led to a search for ways to save therapist time. An obvious way of economizing is to expose a number of patients simultaneously in groups, instead of individually, to the real life situation which they fear.

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Cited by 156 publications
(49 citation statements)
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“…Fostering social cohesion in group-based exposure in vivo has been found to be associated with further improvement and less relapse at follow-up (Hand, Lamontagne & Marks, 1974). Support for the beneficial effects of social cohesion was also provided, when studying the formation of neighborhood self-help groups in the treatment of agoraphobia (Sinnott, Jones, Scott-Fordham & Woodward, 1981).…”
Section: Involving Social Support and Significant Othersmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Fostering social cohesion in group-based exposure in vivo has been found to be associated with further improvement and less relapse at follow-up (Hand, Lamontagne & Marks, 1974). Support for the beneficial effects of social cohesion was also provided, when studying the formation of neighborhood self-help groups in the treatment of agoraphobia (Sinnott, Jones, Scott-Fordham & Woodward, 1981).…”
Section: Involving Social Support and Significant Othersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Early treatments of agoraphobia favored ratings of anxiety and phobia as outcome, and panic attacks were seldom assessed specifically (e.g., Hand et al, 1974;Emmelkamp et al, 1978;Michelson et al, 1986). Questions have been raised whether in vivo exposure would have an effect in itself on these attacks (Mattick et al, 1990;van den Hout et al, 1994).…”
Section: Generalization Of Symptomsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Das Konzept dieser Therapie wurde in Anlehnung an das be währte Exposure-in-vivo-Vorgehen für Agoraphobiker (Hand et al 1974und Hand et al 1986 …”
Section: Das Konzept Und Der Rahmenunclassified
“…Statt dessen war die Ehequalität nach Expositionsbehandlung unverändert oder sogar leicht verbessert [Arnow et al, 1985;Cerny et al, 1987;Cobb et al, 1984;Craske et al, 1989;Himadi et al, 1986;Monteiro et al, 1985]. Dennoch gibt es eine Reihe klinisch-anekdotischer Berichte, wonach (1) ein hoher Prozentsatz agoraphobischer Frauen unter Eheproblemen litt [Hand et al, 1974], (2) es zur Exazerbation schwelender Partnerschaftskonflikte [Hand und Lamontagne, 1976] oder zu einer Verringerung der Ehequalität [Barlow et al, 1981;Milton und Hafner, 1979] nach einer Expositionstherapie kam, (3) Patienten, die während der Therapie am meisten über ihre Partner klagten, keinen Therapieerfolg erzielten [Emmelkamp und van der Hout, 1983], (4) ungewöhnlich viele Partner von Agoraphobikerinnen auffäl-lig eifersüchtig waren [Hafner, 1979] und (5) die Therapieversuche der Patientinnen zu psychischen Irritationen bei den Partnern führten [Hafner, 1979]. Darüber hinaus finden sich zur Frage des Einflusses der selbsteingeschätzten Ehequalität auf den Erfolg einer Verhaltenstherapie annähernd so viele Belege für [Bland und Hallam, 1981;Chambless und Graceley, 1988;Hafner und Ross, 1983;Milton und Hafner, 1979;Monteiro et al, 1985] wie gegen [Chambless und Graceley, 1988;Cobb et al, 1984;Emmelkamp, 1980;Himadi et al, 1986] das Vorliegen eines solchen Zusammenhanges.…”
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