Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory

Schumaker, Paul

doi:10.1177/1078087412473068

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Scholars have studied the nature of various kinds of groups and their effects on the local environment, on environmental policymaking, and on governance (Schumaker, ). Some studies have looked at the context in which local environmental policymaking takes place, suggesting that key characteristics enabling group involvement in the local environment include “multilevel governance” (Agranoff & McGuire, ; Betsill & Bulkeley, ; Homsy & Warner, ), a mayor‐council form of government (Bae & Feiock, ), a population that is highly participatory and engaged (Portney & Cuttler, ), a “moralistic political culture” (Budd, Lovrich, Pierce, & Chamberlain, ) and other “nontraditional” political cultures (Rosdil, ), a relatively small or supportive business community (Feiock, Portney, Bae, & Berry, ), and the active presence of “bridge organizations” that serve as resource brokers across different types of organizations, geographic spaces, and environmental domains (Connolly, Svendsen, Fisher, & Campbell, ).…”

Section: The Group Basis Of City Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Local Environmental Advocacy Groups on City Sustainability Policies and Programs

Portney¹,

Berry²

2015

Policy Studies Journal

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American cities vary considerably in the degree to which they pursue sustainability. What explains this variation? One plausible cause of such differences is that sustainability may be more appealing to high‐income cities than to more economically challenged cities. Yet such strict economic determinism seems simplistic and removes politics from an inherently political process. The hypothesis here is that any such relationship between income and commitment to sustainability is conditioned by a city's level of environmental advocacy. The data utilized in this analysis are derived from two large‐scale data sources. One is a comprehensive inventory of sustainability programs and policies in 50 large American cities. The other is a set of surveys in those same 50 cities. The multivariate model supports the hypothesis. Controlling for income growth and the predisposition of policymakers to be supportive of sustainability (as well as other alternative explanations), a city's commitment to sustainability is strongly linked to the advocacy of environmental and sustainability groups in the policymaking process. The example of Sustainable Seattle is used to illustrate the linkages that would seem to underlie the statistical analysis.

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Section: The Group Basis Of City Politicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Local Environmental Advocacy Groups on City Sustainability Policies and Programs

Portney¹,

Berry²

2015

Policy Studies Journal

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“…Our analysis suggests that zoning relief, like other planning tools, builds on existing power structures in ways that further problematically distort access to resources (Maloney, Stoker, and Smith 2000; Schumaker 2013). The relative strength of social and community networks in home expansion (story one) and permits for Sandy relief (story two) illustrate how longstanding racial inequities and community connections generated through civic networks such as those linking community associations and city agencies, impact access to zoning relief.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Unequal Exceptions: Zoning Relief in New York City, 1998–2017

Fischer

Stahl

Baird-Zars

2018

Journal of Planning Education and Research

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Zoning relief, the process of exempting individual properties from land-use regulations, is a widespread yet underexplored planning practice. A mixed-methods analysis of applications to the Board of Standards and Appeals in New York City between 1998 and 2017 examines three clusters of zoning relief. The results suggest a strong relationship between relief and neighborhood socio-political capital and underscore relief as a powerful form of ad hoc planning. Zoning relief practices in New York City deepen inequalities but also facilitate planning goals such as disaster recovery and allowing families to grow in place. Zoning relief has long-lasting consequences on urban development and deserves increased attention from planning scholars.

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“…Typically, urban sustainability research use proxies for interest group presence where the value of the manufacturing sector (e.g., Koski & Lee, 2014), counts of manufacturing establishments (e.g., Sharp et al, 2011), or combined measures of Chamber of Commerce members and developers represents industry group strength (e.g., Daley et al 2013;Schumaker, 2013). While this approach is appropriate when interest groups are control variables and not the focal predictor, it neglects the variation of interest groups that are active in specialized issue domains.…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Business Interest Groups Matter: Rare Event Modeling of Green Building Policy in Cities

Martel

2020

Journal of Sustainable Real Estate

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This research distinguishes among the business interest groups and community factors associated with green building policies in cities and towns to examine a specific type of business interest group-construction industry associations-involved in the green building policy arena. Rare event logit modeling is used to estimate the association of "traditional" and "green" industry groups with green building policy while controlling for various characteristics of cities. It is no surprise that the results indicate that the presence of green industry association members increases the likelihood of the presence of a green building policy. However, traditional groups do not limit the probability of a green building policy, as was expected. Community characteristics show that general revenue, population, household income, and education are all higher in cities with modern building codes, and that the average cost of energy is lower in cities with modern building codes.

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Group Involvements in City Politics and Pluralist Theory

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

The Impact of Local Environmental Advocacy Groups on City Sustainability Policies and Programs

The Impact of Local Environmental Advocacy Groups on City Sustainability Policies and Programs

Unequal Exceptions: Zoning Relief in New York City, 1998–2017

How Business Interest Groups Matter: Rare Event Modeling of Green Building Policy in Cities

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