Group Perceptions of Acceptance of Racial/Ethnic, Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States Military

Green, Daniel C.; Holloway, Ian W.; Pickering, Chad E.; Tan, Diane; Tzen, Michael; Goldbach, Jeremy T.; Castro, Carl A.

doi:10.1080/21635781.2020.1819486

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…7,22 Harassment is similarly present, although more likely to be physically violent, in military contexts 4,6 than in EFR contexts, where verbal events are more common. 22 LGBTQIA+ service personnel report that such experiences negatively affect their perception of acceptance in the service community, 11,12,23 influencing SGM identity disclosure, 6,22 increasing work-related stress, 15,17 and hindering career progression. 23 In a qualitative study of LGBTQIA+ firefighters, it was found that women who revealed SGM identity in the workplace reported greater perceived acceptance among majority male colleagues due to associated masculine stereotypes aligning with a masculinized institutional culture 11 (a potential psychosocial protective factor).…”

Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Military and EFR, as public service–oriented societal institutions, are organized similarly into authoritative hierarchies 10 that feature a masculinized workplace culture 3,11 (collective values, norms, social perceptions, and traditions 10 ). This culture affects minorities’ perceived feeling of acceptance in the workplace 3,12-14 . This may be associated with the physical nature of the work, 15 hegemonically male workforce, 14 inherent role of violence, or exposure to traumatic events common across services 16,17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This culture affects minorities' perceived feeling of acceptance in the workplace. 3,[12][13][14] This may be associated with the physical nature of the work, 15 hegemonically male workforce, 14 inherent role of violence, or exposure to traumatic events common across services. 16,17 While military institutional policies are reflective of national culture, 3 EFR institutional policy appears to reflect more flexible localized cultures that vary by service, organization, and geography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Dobek

Bowen-Salter

Callaghan

2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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The objective of this review is to explore the perceptions and experiences of military and emergency personnel who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, asexual, or other (LGBTQIA+), and the perceptions and experiences of their families. Introduction:LGBTQIA+ military and emergency first response personnel report disproportionately poorer career and personal outcomes than their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. Research examining the underlying lived experiences and perceptions of people serving who are LGBTQIA+, particularly those of their family members, is sparse. Hence, the aim of this review is to identify, aggregate, and synthesize relevant qualitative research findings.Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies of LGBTQIA+ military or emergency first response personnel and their families that include qualitative data capturing their experiences and perceptions of navigating industrial institutions and service communities. Military personnel include those employed in any role within any military organization; emergency first response personnel will include ambulance workers, paramedics, police, firefighters, and other public safety roles. Families will be limited to any configuration of immediate family members of active or retired LGBTQIA+ service personnel. No limits will be applied to the age of service personnel or their family members, nor to duration or chronology of service.Methods: Databases searched will include PsycINFO, PubMed Central, ProQuest Central, Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, and PTSDpubs. Domain-specific journals will be manually searched, and gray literature and unpublished studies will be searched via ProQuest Central. Study screening and selection against inclusion criteria will be performed in Covidence. Data extraction and critical appraisal will be performed using the standardized JBI templates and checklists for qualitative research. All stages will be performed by 2 independent reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer.

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Section: And Efrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Dobek

Bowen-Salter

Callaghan

2023

JBI Evidence Synthesis

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“…), use of gender-neutral language, regular staff trainings on anti-homophobia (APA, 2012(APA, , 2021McNair & Hegarty, 2010), and changing stigmatizing policies (e.g., Hatzenbuehler, 2014). Within the military setting, understanding how military culture, history, and stigma could pose unique challenges for LGB Service members and adult beneficiaries could further reduce patients' perceived stigma (Goldbach & Castro, 2016;Green et al, 2021). For example, the VA implemented the LGBT Care Coordinator position at every facility in 2016 to incorporate LGBT-inclusive language, train staff on LGBT health, and conduct outreach to LGBT populations (Valentine et al, 2019).…”

Section: C-ssrs Suicidal Ideation Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the clinical characteristics of lesbian, gay, and bisexual military service members and adult beneficiaries within an inpatient psychiatric sample

Thompson

Luk

LaCroix

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Background: Limited knowledge exists regarding targets for suicide-focused care among high-risk United States (U.S.) civilian and military sexual minorities.Purpose: This study aimed to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of a suicidal sexual minority sample, psychiatrically hospitalized in military treatment facilities, to advance future targeted care for this vulnerable subgroup.Methods: Secondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite psychotherapy randomized controlled trial was performed comparing those who self-identified as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB; n = 39) to heterosexual participants (n = 170). Results:LGB participants were more likely than heterosexual participants to be younger, female, never married, and enlisted rank. LGB participants reported significantly lower family support, higher perceived burdensomeness, lower acquired capability for suicide, and were twice as likely to report that they could not control their suicidal thoughts. LGB and heterosexual participants reported similar levels of other suicide risk indicators and similar lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt histories.Conclusions: Compared to heterosexual participants, LGB participants reported increased risk indicators for suicide yet similar lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt histories. Suicide prevention programs should address the unique needs of this vulnerable subgroup. Interventions targeting family support, perceived burdensomeness, and controllability of suicidal thoughts may be promising.

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“…13 In addition to or as a result of these policies, LGBT SMs are found to be at an elevated risk of sexual and stalking victimization and perceive lower acceptance of LGBT and other minority groups in service. 22,23 Ultimately, this lack of perceived belonging among LGBT SMs may affect social and task cohesion within the ranks, negatively affect military performance, and result in negative impacts on health and career outcomes. [24][25][26] Theoretical approach Drawing on social identity theory, this article connects LGBT SMs' self-categorization and perceived group membership with inter-group relationships driven by unit cohesion and organizational commitment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance matters: Disengagement and attrition among LGBT personnel in the U.S. military

McNamara

Gribble

Sharp

et al. 2021

Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health

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LAY SUMMARY The U.S. military has undergone several changes in policies toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) service members over the past decade. Some LGBT service members report continued victimization and fear of disclosing their LGBT identity, which can affect retention of LGBT personnel serving in the military. However, there is little research on this population. This study uses data from a survey funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (2017–2018) and completed by 544 active-duty service members (296 non-LGBT and 248 LGBT) to better understand the career intentions of LGBT service members. Of transgender service members, 33% plan to leave the military upon completion of their commitment, compared with 20% of cisgender LGB and 13% of non-LGBT service members. LGBT service members were twice as likely as non-LGBT service members to be undecided as to their military career path. Lower perceived acceptance of LGBT service members in the workplace was associated with a higher risk of leaving among LGBT service members. Lower perceived unit cohesion was associated with attrition risk for all members, regardless of LGBT status. These findings suggest that the U.S. military can do more to improve its climate of LGBT acceptance to prevent attrition.

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Group Perceptions of Acceptance of Racial/Ethnic, Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States Military

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Experiences and perceptions of military and emergency services personnel identifying as LGBTQIA+ and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol

Understanding the clinical characteristics of lesbian, gay, and bisexual military service members and adult beneficiaries within an inpatient psychiatric sample

Acceptance matters: Disengagement and attrition among LGBT personnel in the U.S. military

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