Grouped SPME Comparison of Floral Scent as a Method of Unlocking Phylogenetic Patterns in Volatiles

Abstract

Global crop production rate has exceeded the availability of pollination services provided by managed honeybees, and habitat loss remains a key factor in the loss of wild pollinators. Revegetation of agricultural land and wild pollination may provide a solution; however, the collection of floral trait data that are correlated to pollinator preferences remains an under studied and complex process. Here, we demonstrate a method for scent analysis, ordination [non-metric dimensional scaling (NMDS)], and clustering outputs that provides a fast and reproducible procedure for a broad grouping of flora based on scent and unlocking characteristic inter-floral patterns. We report the floral profiles of 15 unstudied native Australian plant species and the extent to which they match the commonly cultivated seed crops of Daucus carota L and Brassica rapa L. Through solid-phase microextraction (SPME) paired with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identify a set of inter-family shared, common floral volatiles from these plant species as well as unique and characteristic patterns.

The Development of Floral Scent Research: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis (1987–2022)

“…Notably, the ramifications of habitat loss affect plant-pollinator dynamics, with direct consequences for plant reproduction [11] and thus relate to the functional areas of ecosystems [12]. The evolution of practical methodologies and affordable instrumentation for collecting, separating, and identifying volatile compounds [13][14][15] has solidified FS research as a cornerstone in scientific inquiry. These aromatic compounds have now been identified in nearly 1000 plant species [16], with their applications spanning diverse sectors, from pharmaceuticals [17] to cosmetics [18,19] to the culinary realm [20], with key components like benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, acetophenone, phenylacetaldehyde, and methyl benzoate enhancing the sensory experience [21,22].…”