Groupness and adherence in structured exercise settings.

Spink, Kevin S.; Wilson, Kathleen; Priebe, Carly S.

doi:10.1037/a0017596

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This increased proximity directly influences the degree to which all team members interact and communicate, which is important as 'quality sustained interaction and communication' is one of the five characteristics described as essential for the classification of a true group compared with an aggregate of individuals (e.g., . Furthermore, individual perceptions of the degree to which a person is consistently involved in quality interactions with other group members is one of the criteria used for evaluating the level of groupness felt among members (e.g., Spink, Wilson, & Priebe, 2010). Do perceptions of general groupness reflect those of a team with fewer exclusive type cliques?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Martin

Wilson

Evans

et al. 2015

The Sport Psychologist

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Although cliques are often referenced in sporting circles, they have received little attention in the group dynamics literature. This is surprising given their potential influence on group-related processes that could ultimately influence team functioning (e.g., . The present study examined competitive athletes' perceptions of cliques using semistructured interviews with 18 (nine female, nine male) intercollegiate athletes (Mage = 20.9, SD = 1.6) from nine sport teams. Athletes described the formation of cliques as an inevitable and variable process that was influenced by a number of antecedents (e.g., age/tenure, proximity, similarity) and ultimately shaped individual and group outcomes such as isolation, performance, and sport adherence. Further, athletes described positive consequences that emerged when existing cliques exhibited more inclusive behaviors and advanced some areas of focus for the management of cliques within sport teams. Results are discussed from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Martin

Wilson

Evans

et al. 2015

The Sport Psychologist

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“…Task cohesion has been considered to be the strongest social infl uence aff ecting adherence in sport settings (e.g., attendance rate; Spink & Carron, 1993 ;Carron, et al ., 1998 ). Numerous studies have supported that perceptions of cohesiveness also aff ect members' adherence within structured groups (e.g., fi tness classes; eff ect size range r = .23 to .45; Burke, et al ., 2008 ;Spink, et al ., 2010 ;Bruner & Spink, 2011 ;Gu, et al ., 2011 ). For example, Gu, et al .…”

Section: Group Cohesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Predictors of Female College Students' Motivational Responses: A Prospective Analysis

Zhang

Smith

2015

Percept Mot Skills

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According to social cognitive theory, group cohesion and self-efficacy have been identified as important environmental and individual elements in students' physical activity. This study examined the correlations among group cohesion, exercise self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity among 143 female college students (M age = 21.2 yr., SD = 4.2) enrolled in aerobics dance classes. Participants were recruited by researchers at the beginning of the semester. In the 6th wk., students completed a questionnaire measuring group cohesion construct. At the end of the 13th wk., a survey on self-efficacy, perceived interest, and physical activity measures was completed by the students. Multiple regression analyses indicated both exercise self-efficacy and task cohesion explained significant variance in students' physical activity; also, Individual Attraction to the Group-Task (ATG-T) accounted for 9.6% of the variance in exercise self-efficacy. The results suggest that enhancing group cohesiveness may promote competence beliefs, which could motivate students' participation in group activity programs.

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“…An enduring characteristic that contributes to the forces enacted on individuals based on group membership is that they perceive themselves to be a group, or more specifically, they experience entitativity or "groupness" (Campbell 1958;Spink et al 2010). Conceptually, whereas a true group represents the presence of certain variables, such as the demonstration of common fate, mutual benefit, social structure, group processes, and self-categorization (Carron and Eys 2012), groupness represents the degree to which they are present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A group-enhanced sprint interval training program for amateur athletes

Martin

Anderson

Schmale

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Sprint interval training (SIT) can elicit improvements in aerobic and anaerobic capacity. While variations in SIT protocols have been investigated, the influence of social processes cannot be overlooked. As research supports the use of groups to influence individual cognitions and behaviours, the current project assessed the effectiveness of a group-based intervention with participants conducting SIT. Specifically, 53 amateur athletes (age, 21.9 ± 2.9 years; 53% females) took part in a 4-week training program (3 sessions per week, 30-s "all-out" efforts with 4 min active recovery, repeated 4-6 times per session), and were assigned to "true group", aggregate, or individual conditions. Results indicated no significant differences between groups for the physiological measures. With regards to training improvements from baseline for all participants- regardless of condition - significant main effects for time were identified for maximal oxygen uptake (2.5-2.8 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.03), time-trial performance (14-32 s, p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.37), and anaerobic power (1.1-1.7 k·h(-1), p < 0.001, η(2) = 0.66). With regards to the psychological measures, significant main effects between groups were found for motivation (p = 0.033, η(2) = 0.13), task self-efficacy (p = 0.018, η(2) = 0.15), and scheduling self-efficacy (p = 0.003, η(2) = 0.22). The true group experienced greater improvements in motivation than the individual condition, but the aggregate and individual conditions demonstrated greater increases in task and scheduling self-efficacy. Though the SIT paradigm employed induced training improvements similar to previous work, the group intervention was not able to further these improvements.

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Groupness and adherence in structured exercise settings.

Cited by 33 publications

References 63 publications

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Cliques in Sport: Perceptions of Intercollegiate Athletes

Psychosocial Predictors of Female College Students' Motivational Responses: A Prospective Analysis

A group-enhanced sprint interval training program for amateur athletes

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