Groups, gangs, and delinquency: Does organization matter?

Bouchard, Martin; Spindler, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.06.009

Cited by 79 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Juvenile delinquency also includes the social element in youngsters' criminal behavior (Bouchard & Spindler, 2010;Zhang, Welte, & Wieczorek, 1999). In the United States, at least one third of young criminals are members of a gang (Yoder, Whitbeck, & Hoyt, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Prisoners’ Experiences of the Positive Factors of Small Group Teaching during Their Basic Education – Toward the Pedagogy of Preventing Social Exclusion

Äärelä

Uusiautti

Määttä

2014

JSE

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In this study, young prisoners' school memories were studied. The purpose of the study was to find out if small group teaching could help children in danger of exclusion. The following research questions were set for this study: (1) What was the transition process to small group teaching like according to the young prisoners' descriptions?; and (2) How did the small group teaching arrangement support school work according to the young prisoners' descriptions? Narratives of their school time from twenty-nine young prisoners, aged 17-21, ISSN 2162-6952 2014 www.macrothink.org/jse 46 from two prisons in northern Finland were obtained through interviews. Small group teaching had represented a change toward better school satisfaction and well-being to all those who had been moved to such a group. The young prisoners' interviews pointed out several elements that make a successful small group teaching. These positively-perceived factors were communality and peer group, flexible and functional study methods, and caring, encouraging teachers. We combine the elements here as the pedagogy of preventing social exclusion (PPSE), which is introduced as the conclusion of this study. Journal of Studies in Education

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Prisoners’ Experiences of the Positive Factors of Small Group Teaching during Their Basic Education – Toward the Pedagogy of Preventing Social Exclusion

Äärelä

Uusiautti

Määttä

2014

JSE

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“…Perhaps the most influential example is Maxson and Klein's (1995) five-group classification of gangs: (a) traditional gangs, (b) neo-traditional gangs, (c) compressed gangs, (d) collective gangs, and (e) speciality gangs. Only on rare occasions have behavioural and structural typologies been combined (e.g., Bouchard and Spindler 2010), in part because some see gangs' well documented offending 'versatility' as incongruous with any specification of behavioural 'patterns' (Klein and Maxson 2006).…”

Section: Gang Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research shows how a gang's level of organisation affects levels of delinquency and victimization. General consensus is both offending, particularly violent and drug crime, and victimization increase with levels of gang organisation (Decker et al 2008;Sheley et al 1995;Bouchard and Spindler 2010), but not one organisational characteristic consistently predicts increases in delinquency or victimization (Pyrooz et al 2011).…”

Section: Gang Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situating gangs within Scotland’s illegal drugs market(s)

2017

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The Scottish government's (2008) publication 'The road to recovery: A new approach to tackling Scotland's drug problem' elaborates and outlines the Scottish National Party's (SNP) desire to make Scotland 'drug free' by 2019. To achieve this objective, the Scottish Government's (2015) 'Serious Organised Crime Strategy' (SSOCS) entails dismantling networks of drug supply. Yet missing from this strategic planning is a) recognition of how, if at all, different types of gangs are involved in drug supply, and b) how drug supply processes actually work. Therefore, this article seeks to extend McLean's (J Deviant Behav, 2017) Scottish gang model, which specifies a typology of gangs in Scotland, in an effort to locate precise levels of gang involvement in the drugs market. This is achieved by drawing upon Pearson and Hobbs' (2001) hierarchical model of the UK's illegal drug(s) market. In-depth interviews with 35 offenders involved in criminal networks and five practitioners, indicate that recreational Youth Street Gangs are really only involved in 'social supply'. Youth Criminal Gangs are primarily involved in commercially motivated dealing at the low-to mid-levels, including bulk-buying between the retail-to-wholesale markets. And enterprising Serious Organised Crime Gangs operate from the middle-to-apex market level. Conclusions which situate this gang typology within the illegal drug market(s) are used to put forward recommendations aimed at dismantling of drug supply networks.

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“…Les membres de gangs, plus que tout autre délinquant, sont engagés dans des conflits violents (Bouchard et Spindler, 2010 ;Decker, 1996 ;Melde, Taylor et Esbensen 2009 ;Peterson, Taylor et Esbensen, 2004). Lorsque la propension à la violence se transforme en une surexposition à une violente victimisation, certains membres préfèrent quitter leur gang.…”

Section: Incitations à La Désaffiliationunclassified

“…En fonction de recherches antérieures sur l'organisation des gangs (Bouchard et Spindler, 2010 ;Decker, 2001 ;Decker et Curry, 2000 ;Decker et Van Winkle, 1996 ;Decker et al, 1998Decker et al, , 2008Peterson, Miller et Esbensen, 2001 ;Vigil, 1988), huit caractéristiques ont été utilisées : 1) nom du gang ; 2) dirigeants établis ; 3) adoption des symboles de gangs spécifiques ; 4) réunions régulières ; 5) territoire spéci-fique ; 6) hiérarchie ; 7) règles de conduite ; et 8) recours à la violence pour faire respecter les règles et maintenir l'ordre.…”

Section: Le Niveau D'organisation Des Gangs à L'étudeunclassified

Le processus de désaffiliation aux gangs. Le rôle des facteurs individuels et collectifs

Descormiers

Corrado

2015

crimino

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Dans cet article, il est question du processus de désaffiliation au sein d’un échantillon de 73 membres de gangs incarcérés dans un centre de détention en Colombie-Britannique. Plus précisément, cet article examine si la désaffiliation est associée aux caractéristiques individuelles ou plutôt aux caractéristiques et aux processus collectifs. Pour ce faire, les différences entre les membres toujours affiliés (n = 51) et ceux s’étant désistés (n = 22) sont dans un premier temps examinées. Deuxièmement, une régression logistique est utilisée afin de déterminer quels sont les facteurs les plus susceptibles de prédire une désaffiliation au sein de l’échantillon. Les principaux résultats semblent indiquer que la violence au sein du gang ainsi que l’environnement criminel de la recrue favorisent la continuation de l’affiliation et retardent ainsi le désistement. Cet article a aussi pour objectif d’illustrer le contexte dans lequel se déroule la désaffiliation, en examinant (a) le rôle d’évènements potentiels précipitant la décision de se désaffilier et (b) le rôle spécifique joué par la violence dans le processus de désaffiliation. Ces deux derniers objectifs sont abordés dans l’analyse des récits des 22 participants ayant récemment quitté leur gang. Le but premier de cette analyse qualitative est de bonifier les résultats issus de l’analyse quantitative, qui ne parvient peut-être pas à capturer le spectre complet du processus décisionnel.The present study examines the process of gang disaffiliation among a sample of 73 incarcerated gang members in British Columbia, looking at whether termination of membership is associated with individual characteristics or is more influenced by group characteristics and processes. The differences between active members (n = 51) and those who have left the gang (n = 22) are examined. A logistic regression is then used to determine which factors were more likely to predict gang disaffiliation among those in our sample. The results suggest that internal gang violence and a pre-membership criminal social environment support continued membership and thus delay disaffiliation. The article also examines the context in which disaffiliation takes place, looking at (a) the role of potential triggering events on the decision to leave the gang and (b) the role of violence in the process of disaffiliation. These two last objectives are addressed by analysing the narratives of the 22 participants of this study who had recently left their gangs. This qualitative analysis complements the quantitative results, which may not capture the full spectrum of the decision process.En el presente artículo, se debate sobre el proceso de desafiliación en el seno de una muestra de 73 miembros de pandillas encarceladas en un centro de detención de Colombia Británica. Más precisamente, el artículo examina si la desafiliación está asociada a características individuales o más bien a características y procesos colectivos. Para ello, las diferencias entre los miembros afiliados (n = 51) y aquellos que se habían desist...

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Groups, gangs, and delinquency: Does organization matter?

Cited by 79 publications

References 65 publications

Young Prisoners’ Experiences of the Positive Factors of Small Group Teaching during Their Basic Education – Toward the Pedagogy of Preventing Social Exclusion

Young Prisoners’ Experiences of the Positive Factors of Small Group Teaching during Their Basic Education – Toward the Pedagogy of Preventing Social Exclusion

Situating gangs within Scotland’s illegal drugs market(s)

Le processus de désaffiliation aux gangs. Le rôle des facteurs individuels et collectifs

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