Grower-Adoptable Formulations of the Entomopathogenic Fungus<i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) for Sugarbeet Root Maggot (Diptera: Ulidiidae) Management

Campbell, L. G.; Boetel, M. A.; Jonason, N. B.; Jaronski, Stefan T.; Smith, L. J.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-35.4.986

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(Krueger, Villani, Martins, and Roberts 1992;Schwarz 1995;Krueger and Roberts 1997;Vanninen, Hokkanen, and Tyni-Juslin 1999;Bruck 2005;Bruck, Snelling, Dreves, and Jaronski, 2005;Chandler and Davidson 2005;Kabaluk et al 2005;Campbell, Boetel, Jonason, Jaronski, and Smith 2006;Bruck and Donahue 2007). Several approaches to using this fungus in the soil arena have been pursued: the direct incorporation of aqueous suspension of conidia, mycelial pellets, encapsulated fungal biomass, or solid substrate-produced conidia on a nutritive or non-nutritive granular carrier (Storey, McCoy, Stenzel, and Andersch 1990;Andersch, Hartwig, Homeyer, and Stenzel 1995;Schwarz 1995;Burges 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy ofMetarhizium anisopliaemicrosclerotial granules

Jaronski

Jackson

2008

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae has very recently been shown to produce microsclerotia (MS) Á compact, heavily melanised, hyphal aggregates Á in liquid media. Soil incorporation bioassays of dried MS preparations of three isolates of M. anisopliae were conducted using third instar Tetanops myopaeformis (sugarbeet root maggot) in clay and/or clay loam field soils as a model system to demonstrate efficacy. At rates as low as 23 mg MS granules/100 g dry soil, the biocontrol efficacy of MS granules of M. anisopliae Strain F52 produced in liquid media with a high carbon concentration (36 g/L) and high C:N ratios (30:1, 50:1) were superior to MS preparations produced in low carbon (8 g carbon/L) media and a high carbon medium with a 10:1 C:N ratio. Bioassays using MS formulations of M. anisopliae strains MA1200 and TM109 produced in high carbon and high C:N ratio media were superior in efficacy to the other MS production media tested. MS preparations of M. anisopliae F52 showed superior efficacy against the sugarbeet root maggot in comparison with more conventional, conidia-covered nutritive (corn grit) granules in a clay and clay soil. The MS granules were also highly efficacious against the sugarbeet root maggot at soil moisture levels as low as 0.983 A w ( (2.33 MPa). Granular preparations incorporating Metarhizium MS can serve as a viable formulation for the use of this fungus against soil insects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy ofMetarhizium anisopliaemicrosclerotial granules

Jaronski

Jackson

2008

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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“…Cultural and biological control practices (Campbell et al, 2000b, 2006; Dregseth et al, 2003; Majumdar et al, 2008; Dunkel et al, 2010) as well as host resistance (Campbell, 1990, 2015; Campbell et al, 2000a, 2011; Daley & Wenninger, 2018) have been pursued for management of T. myopaeformis . However, growers continue to rely heavily on carbamate and organophosphate insecticides that target larvae in the soil (Wenninger et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing a pheromone lure for the sugar beet root maggot fly, Tetanops myopaeformis

Wenninger

Eigenbrode

2020

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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We previously described a putative aggregation pheromone in adults of the sugar beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (von R€ oder) (Diptera: Ulidiidae), comprising nine compounds identified from males. Here, we conducted a series of experiments aimed at simplifying the blend of compounds necessary to achieve attraction as well as determining the dose that maximizes captures when formulated into an attractant lure. In all experiments, females showed stronger and more consistent evidence of attraction than males. White sticky traps baited with different blends of pheromone compounds that included the major component, (R)-(À)-2-nonanol, showed significantly higher female captures relative to those baited with blends that excluded the major component. (R)-(À)-2-nonanol alone was at least as effective as any blend that included this compound with other minor pheromone components. Lures using racemic 2-nonanol were as effective as the (R) enantiomer for both females and males, with some evidence of weak attraction to the (S) enantiomer (which is not produced by males) observed as well. Maximum capture rates using racemic 2-nonanol were estimated to occur with doses of ca. 795.5 and 621.6 mg for females and males, respectively. Addition of 2-nonanol lures to standard orange sticky stake traps currently used to monitor flies increased captures of both sexes. The pheromone lure developed here could improve trapping efficiency of current monitoring programs for T. myopaeformis and may also be used to develop other management tools for this important pest of sugar beet.

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“…Sorok., and reported high virulence to T. myopaeformis larvae. Campbell, Boetel, Jonason, Jaronski, and Smith (2006) tested the efficacy of granular and post-emergence aqueous spray formulations of M. anisopliae isolate ATCC 62176 (i.e. MA 1200) on T. myopaeformis under field conditions and suggested conidial concentration, application timing, and soil moisture as the most important determinants for success in using this fungus for T. myopaeformis management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In either case, the goal is for larvae to acquire an infectious dose as they pass through the soil during host finding and establishment. Campbell et al (2006) suggested that commercial formulations should be designed for application with conventional equipment to facilitate adoption of fungus-based control tools by sugarbeet growers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

Boetel

Majumdar

Jaronski

et al. 2012

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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The sugarbeet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Rôder), is a major North American pest of sugarbeet. Beta vulgaris L. Previous research suggests that moderate T. myopaeformis control is possible with the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. We conducted a three-year (2002)(2003)(2004) experiment to assess impacts of" oat. Avena sativa L. and rye. Sécale céréale L., cover crops on persistence of corn grit-based granular or spray formulations of M anisopliae isolate ATCC 62176 (i.e. MA 1200) applied at 8 x lO'^ viable conidia/ha in sugarbeet. More colony forming units (CFUs) were detected immediately after application [0 days after treatment (DAT)] in spray plots than granule-treated plots. However, 76-92% declines in CFUs per gram of soil occurred in spray plots within 30 DAT. Substantially (i.e. 83-560%) more rainfall occurred in June 2002 than during June of any other year. Subsequently, 71-670% increases in CFU concentrations occurred by 60 DAT in M anisopliae granuletreated plots with oat or rye cover crops that year. CFU density increases were higher in cover crops in 2002, but no significant cover crop effects were detected. Conidia persisted for up to 30 DAT in M anisopliae spray plots and 60 DAT in granule-treated plots in 2002; however, no increases occurred in the years with less June rainfall. Trends suggest that M. anisopliae aqueous sprays result in greater conidia concentrations than granules at sugarbeet plant bases in June during T myopaeformis oviposition and larval establishment on host plants. Increases are possible when delivering conidia via granules, but high post-application rainfall could be necessary for conidia production.

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Grower-Adoptable Formulations of the Entomopathogenic FungusMetarhizium anisopliae(Ascomycota: Hypocreales) for Sugarbeet Root Maggot (Diptera: Ulidiidae) Management

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Efficacy ofMetarhizium anisopliaemicrosclerotial granules

Efficacy ofMetarhizium anisopliaemicrosclerotial granules

Optimizing a pheromone lure for the sugar beet root maggot fly, Tetanops myopaeformis

Cover crop and conidia delivery system impacts on soil persistence ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in sugarbeet

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