Growing Church Organizations in Diverse U.S. Communities, 1890–1926

Koçak, Özgecan; Carroll, Glenn R.

doi:10.1086/525507

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…All else being equal, counties with greater religious diversity are more likely to experience smaller future gains or larger future declines in the percent of the population who are church adherents. Although our results are limited to the most recent decades in just one country, they match the negative effects of religious diversity discovered by Koçak and Carroll (2008) in their longitudinal analysis of late 19th and early 20th century cities in the United States. Moreover, we find that our results are robust to the addition of control variables and different ways of calculating pluralism (using adherents, congregations, denominations, whole religious traditions, and even excluding large sectors of adherents, e.g., excluding all Catholics or all white evangelical Protestants).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County‐Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement

Olson

Marshall

Jung

et al. 2020

Scientific Study of Religion

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Secularization theories, such as Berger's Sacred Canopy argument, hold that religious diversity leads to a decline in religious participation. Religious market models (e.g., Finke and Stark) argue the opposite. Voas, Olson, and Crockett found that nearly all of the vast research exploring this important question prior to 2002 was flawed due to a previously unrecognized noncausal statistical relationship between measures of religious diversity and measures of religious participation. Since 2002, this methodological issue has largely stymied research on this important topic. We first describe how, following Voas et al.'s recommendations, longitudinal models can overcome these problems. We then apply these methods to data measuring the religious composition of all U.S. counties found in the Religious Congregations and Membership Studies from 1980, 1990, and 2010. Using multilevel longitudinal regression models, we find that greater county-level religious diversity is followed by later declines in county-level religious participation rates. The negative effect size of religious diversity is large and robust to changes in the control variables and different methods of measuring religious diversity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County‐Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement

Olson

Marshall

Jung

et al. 2020

Scientific Study of Religion

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“…A large literature in economics and a growing literature in sociology (e.g. England, Allison and Wu 2007;Jacobs and Carmichael 2001;Jacobs and Tope 2007;Kocak and Carroll 2008;Mouw 2003;Schneiberg, King and Smith 2008) uses fixed effects methods to control for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity. 2 These models, which require treatment variation within units over time, remove confounding bias that can emerge from omitted observable, mismeasured, or unobservable timeinvariant student or group characteristics (Allison 2009;Halaby 2004;Mouw 2006;Wooldridge 2003).…”

Section: Alternative Designs Of Contextual Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Classroom Poverty and Test Score Achievement: Contextual Effects or Selection?

Lauen

Gaddis

2013

American Journal of Sociology

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for their assistance and many useful comments. AbstractSocial scientists and policymakers generally share the widely held belief that impoverished contexts have harmful effects on children. Disentangling the influence of the effects of individual and family background from the effects of context, however, is conceptually and methodologically complex, making causal claims about contextual effects suspect. This study examines the effect of exposure to classroom poverty on student math and reading test achievement using data on a complete cohort of North Carolina children who entered third grade in 2001 and were followed up through grade eight. Using cross-sectional methods, we observe a substantial negative association between exposure to high poverty classrooms and math test scores that grows with grade level and becomes especially large for middle school students. Evidence from growth models, however, produces much smaller effects of classroom poverty exposure on math and reading test score achievement. Even smaller effects emerge from student fixed effects models, which control for time-invariant unobservables, and marginal structural models, which properly adjust for observable time-dependent confounding. These findings suggest that causal claims about the effects of classroom poverty exposure on cognitive achievement may be unwarranted.Scholars have spent decades researching and debating the influence of school and neighborhood context on academic achievement, aspirations and attitudes (

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“…“[T]he turn of the 20th century … is commonly thought to be a critical time in the development of American religion” (Koçak and Carroll :1275). I collected the best available sources on Jewish denominational decision making from 1910 to 1955 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outreach and Exclusion: Jewish Denominational Marketing in the Early 20th Century

Ellis

2015

Scientific Study of Religion

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How do religious denominations select potential adherents? Previous literature indicates that market niches direct this decision, yet few studies examine how religious groups determine their niche. Analyzing annual reports and periodicals of Reform and Conservative Jewish organizations from 1910 to 1955, I find that the two denominations responded differently to the mass influx of Jewish immigrants at the turn of the 20th century. Compared to the Conservative organization, which openly welcomed new immigrants, the Reform organization actively chose not to recruit them. Reform statements make it clear that this decision was a result of how working‐class, Eastern European immigrants threatened their American‐centered organizational identity. This finding suggests that religious institutions carefully consider their organizational identity based on nativity, ethnicity, and social class when determining whom to include in their market niche.

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Growing Church Organizations in Diverse U.S. Communities, 1890–1926

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County‐Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement

Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County‐Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement

Exposure to Classroom Poverty and Test Score Achievement: Contextual Effects or Selection?

Outreach and Exclusion: Jewish Denominational Marketing in the Early 20th Century

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