Growing Trends in the Efficient and Selective Extraction of Compounds in Complex Matrices Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Relevance to Toxicological Analysis

Abstract

In the world of forensic and clinical toxicology, proper sample preparation is one of the key steps in identification and quantification of drugs of abuse. Traditional extraction methods such as solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction are often laborious and not-selective for the target analytes being measured. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) can be synthesized for sample extraction and their versatility allows the polymer to be employed in off-line, benchtop extractions or on/in-line instrument extractions, offering a faster and more selective sample preparation without the risk of interfering matrix effects. This review details the synthesis and applications of MIP materials for the extraction of drug compounds from biological matrices in publications from 1994 to today.

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2021 review of the synthesis and applications of molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of drug compounds [ 1073 ].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Extraction of Mandelic Acid Metabolite from Human Urine as a Biomarker of Environmental and Occupational Exposures to Styrene

“…In our case, acidic organic solvents are used to get the target analyte out of the MIP after polymerization. Through chemical interactions, functional monomers with the same analyte or compounds with a similar structure may rebind to the 3D cavity left behind [ 14 , 17 ]. The noncovalent approach is the most common way to make MIPs for environmental analytes such as pure organic solvents and biological fluids because it is simple, the template molecule can be easily removed, and there are many commercially available functional monomers [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…Through chemical interactions, functional monomers with the same analyte or compounds with a similar structure may rebind to the 3D cavity left behind [ 14 , 17 ]. The noncovalent approach is the most common way to make MIPs for environmental analytes such as pure organic solvents and biological fluids because it is simple, the template molecule can be easily removed, and there are many commercially available functional monomers [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The vast majority of reported MIPs were made using bulk preparation techniques because of their many advantageous features.…”

“…In 1988, Mosbach et al synthesized the first MIP with noncovalent interactions for L-phenylamine compounds. To restrict the number of experimental MIPs to be generated and evaluated, a computational technique such as response surface design attributes (RSDA), can be employed to assist in determining the template/monomer/cross-linker mole ratio [ 17 , 21 , 22 ]. In the present study, we utilized a conventional molar ratio of 1:4:20 to produce 4-vinylpyridine molecularly imprinted polymers (4-VPMIPs) of MA.…”

Extraction and detection of morin from Sanghuangporus lonicericola by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers coupled with HPLC analysis

“…Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) is a technology to synthesize molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) with a high affinity for specific template molecules (Mulder & Halquist, 2020). MIPs are new separation materials synthesized by copolymerization of crosslinking agents and suitable monomers in the presence of template molecules.…”