Growth, Age at Maturity, and Age-Specific Survival of the Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris) on Southeast Farallon Island, California

Lee, Derek; Bettaso, James B.; Bond, Monica L.; Bradley, Russell W.; Tietz, James R.; Warzybok, Peter M.

doi:10.1670/10-282

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is well known that many factors affect growth over the course of an individual's lifespan, not only food availability, but also population density, competition, and health factors as well as other environmental challenges (Griffiths and Brook, 2005;English et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2012;Schmidt et al, 2012). When faced with limited resources and environmental challenges, organisms may prioritize the development and maintenance of particular processes over others, thus inducing a trade-off between these processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth patterns in male rats exposed to concurrent long-term environmental challenges

Cuervo¹,

Racca²,

Beldoménico³

2016

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SUMMARY.Growth is a key determinant of fitness in animals, and may be affected by the environmental challenges presented over the course of an individual's lifespan. When faced with limited resources and environmental challenges, organisms may prioritize the development and maintenance of particular processes over others. To expand our understanding of the consequences of organism exposure to a changing environment, we offer a long-term experiment to compare the growth patterns of young male rats exposed and not exposed to food limitation and social conflict. The patterns of growth of young rats were altered by the exposure to these environmental challenges, two of the most frequently faced by animals. As expected, scarcity of food resulted in a marked growth decline in animals exposed to nutritional stress. Interestingly, individuals exposed to an unstable social environment, but fed ad libitum, evidenced a growth rate 6% smaller than those under stable social conditions. An interaction between food limitation and social conflict was not observed. As a larger body size growth results in a competitive advantage in encounters, the detected divergence on growth patterns may represent significant consequences on the individual's life trajectory. RESUMEN. Patrones de crecimiento en ratas macho expuestas de manera prolongada a desafíos ambientales concurrentes. En animales, la eficacia biológica es influenciada por el crecimiento, que a su vez es afectado por los desafíos ambientales que el individuo enfrente a lo largo de su vida. Ante escasez de recursos u otros desafíos, los organismos priorizarían el desarrollo y mantenimiento de algunos procesos por sobre otros. Para profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre las consecuencias de la exposición a un ambiente cambiante, desarrollamos un experimento de larga duración para comparar los patrones de crecimiento de ratas jóvenes expuestas y no expuestas a restricción alimentaria y conflicto social. La exposición a estos dos desafíos ambientales, comunes en la naturaleza, alteró los patrones de crecimiento de las ratas. La escasez de alimento ocasionó un descenso marcado del crecimiento en los animales bajo restricción alimentaria. Mientras que individuos expuestos a inestabilidad social, pero con alimento ad libitum, demostraron una tasa de crecimiento 6% menor que aquellos en condiciones sociales estables. Adicionalmente, no se encontró interacción significativa entre restricción alimentaria y conflicto social. Siendo que un mayor crecimiento corporal resulta ventajoso ante interacciones competitivas, la diferencia detectada entre los patrones de crecimiento tendría consecuencias de importancia en la trayectoria de vida de los individuos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth patterns in male rats exposed to concurrent long-term environmental challenges

Cuervo¹,

Racca²,

Beldoménico³

2016

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“…Traditionally, life-history studies have examined demographic traits intimately tied to fitness such as body size, age at maturity, and number of offspring (e.g., Stearns 1983Stearns , 1984Roff 1992;Bernardo 1996;Wallace et al 2007; Lee et al 2012). Such factors are major components of life-history theory; however, a focus on these demographic traits means less attention has been paid to the relationship between reproductive behaviors (e.g., reproductive migrations) and life-history theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, studies of reproductive costs have examined the delayed, post-breeding outcomes including the reproducing organism's growth and reproductive output in later breeding seasons (e.g., Bernardo 1996; Lee et al 2012). However, pre-breeding costs of parental investment (e.g., costs incurred through mating behavior, migration movement, increased foraging for resources) are also a significant component of an organism's life history (Jonsson et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Strickland

Bahram

Harden

et al. 2014

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Studies examining the association between life-history strategies and behavior can help inform our understanding of the fitness consequences of reproductive behaviors. Breeding migrations are common in numerous taxa and often represent an important reproductive cost. We examined body mass changes of spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) during their seasonal breeding migrations to determine the influence of breeding behaviors on reproductive costs. We sampled salamanders entering and exiting a 0.92-ha ephemeral wetland in the North Carolina Piedmont using a 400-m drift fence completely encircling the wetland. Traps were checked daily during annual breeding migrations in mid-January to early March of 2013 and 2014. The relationship between body mass changes and explanatory factors including sex, duration of stay at wetland, and distance between site entrance and exit were examined using a set of candidate linear mixed models selected a priori and compared using Akaike's information criterion. Female salamanders lost a greater percentage of body mass during the time in the wetland than males as a result of oviposition. Model selection identified duration of stay as the most important predictor of female body mass change with greater duration of stay associated with lower mass loss. In males, percentage mass loss was most closely associated with site entranceÀexit correspondence with greater distance between entrance and exit sites associated with greater mass loss. These data demonstrate both the importance of wetland entranceÀexit sites and duration of stay at the wetland in determining mass change during spotted salamander reproduction and also that these relationships can differ as a function of sex. Taken together, our findings provide a potential link between behavior, life-history cycles, and costs experienced during reproduction.

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“…In contrary to our initial prediction of a positive effect of body length on survival, smaller newts had higher survival than larger individuals. Survival rates of salamander have been shown to be positively correlated with age and size (Lee et al., ). Unfortunately, we were not able to reliably age individual newts in the present study, as size has been proven to be a poor indicator of age for other species of newts, and skeletochronology may not be a reliable method for aging tropical species (Halliday & Verrell, ; Kusrini & Alford, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After determining the best model (i.e., model with the lowest ΔQAICc) for S , G ”, G', and p , we denoted it as a starting model and built additional models to examine the effects of forest cover extent within the core habitat, body size, and rainfall on apparent survival. We incorporated different combinations of these factors as site, individual, or time covariates to the survival term in the starting model (e.g., S (forest cover + rainfall + year) vs. S (body size + year)) (Lee et al., ). Data from all four sites were pooled to estimate survival.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does forest extent affect salamander survival? Evidence from a long‐term demographic study of a tropical newt

Lau

Karraker

Dudgeon

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Forest loss has been associated with reduced survival in many vertebrates, and previous research on amphibians has mostly focused on effects at early life stages. Paramesotriton hongkongensis is a tropical newt that breeds in streams but spends up to 10 months per year in terrestrial habitats. Populations are threatened by habitat degradation and collection for the pet trade, but the cryptic terrestrial lifestyle of this newt has limited our understanding of its population ecology, which inhibits development of a species‐specific conservation plan. We conducted an eight‐year (2007–2014) mark–recapture study on four P. hongkongensis populations in Hong Kong and used these data to evaluate relationships between forest cover, body size, and rainfall on survival and to estimate population sizes. Hong Kong has been subjected to repeated historic territory‐wide deforestation, and thus, we wanted to determine whether there was a link between forest extent as a proxy of habitat quality and newt demography. Annual survival was positively associated with forest cover within core habitat of all populations and negatively related to body size. Mean annual survival (~60%) was similar to that of other stream‐dwelling amphibians, but varied among years and declined substantially in 2012–2013, perhaps due to illegal collection. Despite the link between forest extent and survival, population sizes declined at the most forested site by 40% and increased by 104% and 134% at two others. Forest protection and consequential secondary succession during recent decades in Hong Kong may have been responsible for persistence of P. hongkongensis populations.

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Growth, Age at Maturity, and Age-Specific Survival of the Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris) on Southeast Farallon Island, California

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Growth patterns in male rats exposed to concurrent long-term environmental challenges

Growth patterns in male rats exposed to concurrent long-term environmental challenges

Life-history costs of reproductive behaviors in a wetland-breeding amphibian

Does forest extent affect salamander survival? Evidence from a long‐term demographic study of a tropical newt

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