Growth and Acute Temperature Tolerance of June Sucker Juveniles Fed Varying Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels With and Without Supplemental Dicalcium Phosphate

Abstract

Reports from hatcheries have demonstrated that commercially available diets are inadequate for June Suckers Chasmistes liorus and suggest that fish quality can be improved through species‐specific diet optimization. To determine dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile June Suckers, practical‐type diets were formulated with 35, 40, or 45% protein and 8, 12, or 16% lipid and tested in a 3 × 3 factorial design. Two additional diets (45% protein and 16% lipid [45:16] without dicalcium phosphate supplementation and 45:16 with 2× dicalcium phosphate) were formulated to test the necessity of dicalcium phosphate supplementation. Each diet was fed to three replicate tanks (average initial fish weight ± SD = 4.48 ± 0.24 g) of fish per treatment (85 fish/tank); only duplicate tanks were used for the nondicalcium phosphate‐supplemented treatment. Fish were reared in 80‐L tanks supplied with 4 L/min of 22°C spring water and fed 6–4% body weight (BW)/d by automated belt feeders, 6 d/week. At the end of 12 weeks of culture, tissue samples were obtained to determine nutrient partitioning. An acute temperature challenge was also conducted to investigate dietary adequacy. Significant effects of diet on growth and temperature tolerance were observed. Fish fed the diet with 45% crude protein gained more weight than did fish fed 40% or 35% crude protein, and fish fed 16% dietary lipid gained more weight than did fish fed 12% and 8% crude lipid. However, the composition of this growth indicated that fish fed the 16% lipid stored larger amounts of lipid in both the visceral cavity and the muscle. A significant negative interactive effect of dietary protein and lipid on temperature tolerance was observed at 45% crude protein and 16% lipid. Results of this study define acceptable ranges of dietary protein and lipid for juvenile June Suckers and provide culturists information to make better choices regarding appropriate diets for this species.

Effect of Temperature on Survival of Lost River Suckers with a Natural Infection of Ichthyobodo spp.

“…The differences in growth rates during previous studies on June Suckers relative to the present study could also be due in part to species‐specific differences in temperature preferences. Based on the differences among species for final loss of equilibrium as a function of temperature, we would conclude that Shortnose Suckers (32.6°C; Castleberry and Cech 1993) are less tolerant of higher temperatures than June Suckers (35.8°C; Sealey et al 2013). Furthermore, because Lost River and Shortnose suckers have similar LC 50 values, we would expect them to have similar temperatures for final loss of equilibrium.…”

Digestible energy, protein, and energy–protein ratio requirements of Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum

“…Juvenile striped surubim growth was affected by dietary protein and energy levels. Fish growth is influenced by many factors such as species, age, and environmental conditions (Cho, 1992; Farhat & Khan, 2011; Sealey et al, 2013), a reasonable explanation for the relatively lower WG (407%) and SGR (1.5% day −1 ) recorded for the juvenile striped surubim in comparison with that recorded for fingerling speckled surubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (WG = 937–1,089%; SGR = 3.7–4%/day) by Martino, Cyrino, Portz, and Trugo (2002b).…”

“…Increased dietary energy levels as a result of dietary lipid, carbohydrate, and protein excess often result in accumulation of fat and increased hepatic (HSI) and visceral (LSI and VSI) mass and size (Sealey et al, 2013). HSI of striped juvenile surubim was similar to those reported by Daniels and Robinson (1986) for juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus , and Lee, Jeon, and Lee (2002) for juvenile rock fish, Sebastes schlegelii .…”

“…Therefore, determining nutritional and dietary requirements of novel aquaculture species is a basic need to develop this branch of the industry. Adequate protein and energy supplies are basic to proper biological functions and growth of fish, so determining protein and energy requirements is key for the farming of the species (Deng, Ju, Dominy, Murashige, & Wilson, 2011; Haidar, Bleeker, Heinsbroek, & Schrama, 2018; Sealey et al, 2013).…”

Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole)

“…The rapid development and low entry barriers for feed industry has revolutionized the Pakistan fish production due to targeted feed for aquaculture. The feed engineering especially enriched with protein has been tried in a variety of fish species (Sealey et al, 2013). Add references here.…”