Growth and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children Born Large or Small for Gestational Age

Nordman, Henrikki; Voutilainen, Raimo; Laitinen, Tomi; Antikainen, Leena; Huopio, Hanna; Heinonen, Seppo; Jääskeläinen, Jarmo

doi:10.1159/000441652

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The study cohort included 128 Caucasian children (67 boys) born singleton at term between 2004 and 2007 in Eastern Finland (18,19). In brief, the children were enrolled according to their birth size and studied at 5.0-8.7 years of age (mean (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.9 (6.8-7.1) years; Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBirth weight has an impact on adult bone mass. Higher birth weight is associated with greater bone mineral content (BMC) and children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at an increased risk for impaired accrual of bone mass. Our aim was to study whether the impact of birth size or early childhood growth on bone mass is visible already in mid-childhood.MethodsWe studied 49 children born large for gestational age (LGA), 56 children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 23 children born SGA at 5.0-8.7 years of age. Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsThe children born SGA had lower bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score (P<0.001) and age- and sex-adjusted BMD (P<0.005) than the LGA and AGA children. Adjusted BMC, muscle mass, and body fat percentage (%BF) did not differ between the study groups. Muscle mass, BMI SD score (SDS), %BF, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentration were the strongest predictors of high BMD in mid-childhood.ConclusionSGA-born children had lower BMD in mid-childhood compared with AGA- and LGA-born ones. Muscle mass or BMI SDS, %BF, and DHEAS were significant predictors of childhood BMD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

et al. 2018

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“…A cohort of 128 Caucasian children (67 boys) born singleton at term between 2004 and 2007 in Eastern Finland was studied (21). In brief, the children were enrolled according to their birth size and studied at 5.0-8.7 years of age (mean (95% CI), 6.9 (6.8-7.1) years) ( Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepubertal children born large for gestational age have lower serum DHEAS concentrations than those with a lower birth weight

et al. 2017

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BackgroundChildren born small for gestational age (SGA) have higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations than children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The overall metabolic risk associated with birth weight is U-shaped, but it is not known whether children born large for gestational age (LGA) have elevated serum DHEAS levels.MethodsA cohort of 49 children born LGA, 56 children born AGA, and 23 children born SGA were studied at 5-8 years of age. Anthropometric data at birth, at the age of 2 years, and at examination were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for serum analyses of DHEAS, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin concentrations.ResultsThe children born LGA had lower serum DHEAS levels adjusted for body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) and age than the rest of the children. Lower birth weight SDS and higher weight gain during the first 2 years of life predicted higher serum DHEAS levels. Higher serum IGF-1 levels were also associated with higher prevalence of adrenarchal DHEAS levels.ConclusionBeing born LGA was associated with lower DHEAS levels, whereas small birth size and early catch-up growth predicted higher levels. This suggests that genetic or early epigenetic factors have an impact on adrenarche. IGF-1 may be a mediator in this process.

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“…Birth weight is an indicator of infant health and a strong predictor of future health outcomes. 1 Infants born small (birth weight <10th percentile) or large (birth weight ≥90th percentile) for sex and gestational age are at increased risk of future health complications, including asthma, 2 obesity 3 and cardiovascular disease. 4 High-income countries generally have similar proportions of babies who weigh <2500 g at birth, but there is greater variation (up to 10%) in the proportion of infants born >4000 g. 5–7 However, such population figures often mask important differences in the distribution of birth weight between ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the impact of a plant-based diet during pregnancy on birth weight differ by ethnicity? A dietary pattern analysis from a prospective Canadian birth cohort alliance

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveBirth weight is an indicator of newborn health and a strong predictor of health outcomes in later life. Significant variation in diet during pregnancy between ethnic groups in high-income countries provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the influence of maternal diet on birth weight.SettingFour multiethnic birth cohorts based in Canada (the NutriGen Alliance).Participants3997 full-term mother–infant pairs of diverse ethnic groups who had principal component analysis-derived diet pattern scores—plant-based, Western and health-conscious—and birth weight data.ResultsNo associations were identified between the Western and health-conscious diet patterns and birth weight; however, the plant-based dietary pattern was inversely associated with birth weight (β=−67.6 g per 1-unit increase; P<0.001), and an interaction with non-white ethnicity and birth weight was observed. Ethnically stratified analyses demonstrated that among white Europeans, maternal consumption of a plant-based diet associated with lower birth weight (β=−65.9 g per 1-unit increase; P<0.001), increased risk of small-for-gestational age (SGA; OR=1.46; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.54;P=0.005) and reduced risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA; OR=0.71; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95;P=0.02). Among South Asians, maternal consumption of a plant-based diet associated with a higher birth weight (β=+40.5 g per 1-unit increase; P=0.01), partially explained by cooked vegetable consumption.ConclusionsMaternal consumption of a plant-based diet during pregnancy is associated with birth weight. Among white Europeans, a plant-based diet is associated with lower birth weight, reduced odds of an infant born LGA and increased odds of SGA, whereas among South Asians living in Canada, a plant-based diet is associated with increased birth weight.

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Growth and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children Born Large or Small for Gestational Age

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

Prepubertal children born large for gestational age have lower serum DHEAS concentrations than those with a lower birth weight

Does the impact of a plant-based diet during pregnancy on birth weight differ by ethnicity? A dietary pattern analysis from a prospective Canadian birth cohort alliance

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