Growth and Chronic Disease

Patel, Leena

doi:10.1159/000112235

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…They are influenced by multiple variables such as: genetics, geographic location, climate, psychological factors, socioeconomic status, body weight and height, nutrition, body fat, and exercise, as well as the presence of chronic diseases. 17,18 In our patients, the mean age at menarche was associated with an earlier age at the start of ICT with DFO, lower SF levels, and an average BMI-Z score, and a higher prevalence of regular subsequent menstrual cycles and duration of menstrual history.…”

Section: Menstrual Characteristics and Duration Of Menstrual History In Relation To Bmi And Ictmentioning

confidence: 69%

A Retrospective Long-Term Study on Age at Menarche and Menstrual Characteristics in 85 Young Women With Transfusion-Dependent Β-Thalassemia (Tdt) Born Between 1965 and 1995

Maio

Marzuillo

Mariannis

et al. 2021

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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Summary. Background: Menarche is an important milestone in the reproductive life of a woman, and regular menstrual cycles reflect normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, a vital sign of women’s general health. Aim of the study:We explored the age at menarche and the following menstrual cycles characteristics among 85 unmarried Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia (TDT) women,borned between 1965 and 1995, in relation to iron chelation therapy (ICT) with desferrioxamine (DFO) and nutritional status, assessed by body mass index (BMI). Results: 53 adolescents who had begun ICT before the age of 10 years experienced menarche at 13,7 ± 1,6 years (mean ± DS), whereas 32 who begun treatment after 10 years experienced menarche at the significantly later age (15.5 ± 1.9 yrs; p: 0.001). At the age of menarche: BMI-Z score (n= 67, - 0,09 ±1) was inversely correlated with both age at starting ICT (r = - 0,39; p = 0001) and age at menarche ( - 0,45, p = 0,0001). Serum ferritin levels (SF) were significantly correlated with the age at starting chelation therapy (n = 79; r = 0,34; p = 0,022). In 56 TDT adolescents who developed secondary amenorrhea (SA), the SF levels were significantly higher (4,098 ± 1,907 ng/mL) compared to 23 TDT adolescents with regular menstrual cycles (2,913±782 ng/mL; p = 0,005). A nutritional status of "thinness" at menarche was associated to a lower prevalence of subsequent regular menstrual cycles and to a higher prevalence of early SA. Conclusion: An early ICT in TDT patients was associated to a normal "tempo" of pubertal onset and to a higher frequency of subsequent regular menstrual cycles. In TDT patients, who developed SA, a diagnosis of acquired central hypogonadism was made, mainly due to the chronic exposure to iron overload, however other potential causes linked to nutritional status, deficient levels of circulating nutrientsand the chronic disease itself cannot be excluded.

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Section: Menstrual Characteristics and Duration Of Menstrual History In Relation To Bmi And Ictmentioning

confidence: 69%

A Retrospective Long-Term Study on Age at Menarche and Menstrual Characteristics in 85 Young Women With Transfusion-Dependent Β-Thalassemia (Tdt) Born Between 1965 and 1995

Maio

Marzuillo

Mariannis

et al. 2021

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis

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“…In 1892, Porter conducted a study on 33,500 students and reported that taller students performed better academically than shorter students of the same age (19). Since then, many studies have been carried out examining the association between height and intellectual development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between growth and intelligence quotient in children with Down syndrome

Kłosowska¹,

Kuchta²,

Ćwiklińska³

et al. 2022

Transl Pediatr

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Background: The relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and somatic development, especially growth, has been demonstrated in various groups of children. Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by short stature, overweight, and cognitive impairment. The objective of our work was to assess whether anthropometric measurements [weight, height, body mass index (BMI)] of children with DS correlate with their IQ. The results of the study may be valuable for this population in the light of increasing access to growth hormone therapy (GHT) in various genetic syndromes with short stature. Based on previous studies on children, we hypothesized that a link exists between IQ and somatic development, particularly growth.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 children with DS, who were aged 9-18 years. The studied population was selected from the registry of the Genetic Clinic at the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk (Poland). Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were taken for all the children, and their BMI was determined using these data. The obtained results were plotted on charts for children with DS. The IQ of the children was assessed using the Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition. The correlations between IQ and anthropometric data were analyzed using univariate correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results:The results showed that full-scale, verbal, and nonverbal IQ correlated with height percentile (P=0.03, P=0.02, and P=0.04, respectively), but not with weight (P=0. 26, P=0.19, and P=0.61, respectively) or BMI (P=0.6, P=0.5, and P=0.72, respectively). In multiple linear regression analysis, height percentile remained as an independent determinant of the IQ results after adjusting for birth weight, hypothyroidism with L-thyroxine replacement therapy, and congenital cardiac defect (β=0.48, P=0.018). Conclusions:The results of our study suggest an association between growth and IQ in children with DS. The presented findings may be valuable for improving access to GHT for populations with genetic syndromes characterized by short stature. However, these should be confirmed by further research with a longitudinal sample of children with DS.

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“…Chronic inflammation could lead to significant growth retardation in children and adolescents [59,[65][66][67][68]. Experimental data indicate that this effect is independent of undernutrition and occurs even in well-nourished patients [28,[69][70][71]. It is also emphasised that the degree of growth retardation correlates with the activity of the inflammatory disease [9].…”

Section: The Effects Of Childhood-onset Chronic Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those changes usually coexist with normal physiological or stimulated serum GH levels, which confirms a state of GH resistance, but other mechanisms of growth impairment are also considered [9,28,42,38,75,76]. On the other hand, it should be taken into account that IGF-1 as a valuable laboratory indicator of nutritional status could be decreased in states of poor nutrition due to limited nutrient intake and malabsorption, which often accompany chronic inflammation [23,28,69]. Serum levels of IGFBP-3 do not seem to be as dependent on nutritional deprivation as IGF-1, and they better reflect GH signalling [77].…”

Section: The Effects Of Childhood-onset Chronic Inflammatory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis

Witkowska–Sędek¹,

Pyrżak²

2020

cejoi

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interactions between growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (iGF-1), and the immune system are complex, bidirectional, but not fully explained. Current reviews based on numerous studies have indicated that chronic inflammation could suppress the GH/iGF-1 axis via several mechanisms such as relative GH and/or iGF-1 insufficiency, peripheral resistance to GH and/or iGF-1 resulting from down-regulation of GH and iGF-1 receptors, disruption in the GH/iGF-1 signalling pathways, dysregulation of iGF binding proteins (iGFBPs), reduced iGF bioavailability, and modified gene regulation due to changes in the microrna system. it is well-known that relationships between the immune system and the GH/iGF-1 axis are mutual and GH as well as iGF-1 could modulate inflammatory response and the activity of systemic inflammation. available data indicate that the GH/iGF-1 axis exerts both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (il-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (tnF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-β) are some of the most significant factors, besides malnutrition, chronic stress, and prolonged use of glucocorticoids, which impair the activity of the GH/iGF-1 axis, and consequently lead to growth retardation in children suffering from childhoodonset chronic inflammatory diseases. in this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the impact of chronic inflammation on the GH/iGF-1 axis and growth processes during childhood and adolescence, based on a number of experimental and human studies.

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Growth and Chronic Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 117 publications

A Retrospective Long-Term Study on Age at Menarche and Menstrual Characteristics in 85 Young Women With Transfusion-Dependent Β-Thalassemia (Tdt) Born Between 1965 and 1995

A Retrospective Long-Term Study on Age at Menarche and Menstrual Characteristics in 85 Young Women With Transfusion-Dependent Β-Thalassemia (Tdt) Born Between 1965 and 1995

Relationship between growth and intelligence quotient in children with Down syndrome

Chronic inflammation and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis

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