Growth and Compositional Changes in Kiwifruit Berries from Three Californian Locations

Walton, Eric F.; Jong, T. M. De

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088027

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The curves are adequately described by a two-phase curve as described by Judd & McAneney (1987) and Snelgar et al (1992). We did not see the double sigmoid curves sometimes noted for kiwifruit (Hopping 1976;Van Oostrom 1985 ;Lai et al 1989;Walton & De Jong 1990). During the initial rapid growth phase, fruit growth rates averaged 1.55 ml/day between 30 and 50 days after flowering, with a standard deviation over all sites and seasons of 0.25 ml/day.…”

Section: Predicting Mean Harvest Fruit Volume From Early-season Measucontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Others, such as the review of Buwalda & Smith (1990), interpret the curve as having a double sigmoid shape. In a number of instances this is a very noticeable characteristic (Hopping 1976;Van Oostrom 1985;Lai et al 1989), whereas in others it is barely perceptible (Walton & De Jong 1990). The increase of dry weight with time between flowering and harvest is approximately linear (Hopping 1976;Okuse & Ryugo 1981;Walton & De Jong 1990;Tombesi et al 1994).…”

Section: Shape Of the Growth Curvementioning

confidence: 96%

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Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The results of controlled environment experiments and a field survey covering six major New Zealand kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) growing regions over 3 years showed, surprisingly, that the effect of temperature on the rate of fruit growth is small, at least during the second half of the fruit growth period. The considerable variation in the mean and standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest observed in the field among seasons and sites is therefore not attributable to temperature differences during the fruit-growing season. This raises the possibility that most of the factors affecting fruit growth rates may be established early in the season, so harvest fruit volumes can be predicted from early-season measurements. Mean fruit volumes observed in the field survey ranged from <85 ml (Kerikeri 1987 and Te Puke 1989) to > 130 ml (Kerikeri 1988 proportion of this should be attributed to management practices such as fruit thinning. The fruit growth curves could be described by a two-phase curve, with a reduction in slope 50-60 days after flowering. The initial phase, up to 50 days from flowering, produced growth rates of 1.55 ml/day. The second, slower phase of growth, averaged 0.42 ml/day over the period to harvest. A simple linear regression model was used to predict the mean fruit volume at harvest from measurements of fruit volume made at a given time during the period from 50 to 110 days from flowering (typically mid January and mid March, respectively). The percentage of the variation in mean fruit volume at harvest accounted for by the regression was 75% when based on measurements made 50 days from flowering and rose to nearly 98%, 110 days from flowering. A similar approach was used to predict the standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest. The observed standard deviation at harvest varied from 10 ml to just over 20 ml, which is within the range published by others. The regression of the standard deviation of the fruit volume at harvest on the standard deviation of fruit volume earlier in the season accounted for more than 80% of the observed variation from 50 days after flowering onwards.

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Section: Predicting Mean Harvest Fruit Volume From Early-season Measucontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Shape Of the Growth Curvementioning

confidence: 96%

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…In the fruit of A. rufa AR2 and AR7, the pattern of compositional changes in sugars in the late stage of maturation was considerably different from that of 'Hayward' kiwifruit in which fructose and glucose predominantly increased and sucrose decreased (Okuse and Ryugo, 1981), or slightly increased (Boldingh et al, 2000;Klages et al, 1998;Walton and De Jong, 1990). Additionally, the reduction of quinic acid content toward maturation was much smaller in A. rufa than in A. deliciosa (Okuse and Ryugo, 1981;Walton and De Jong, 1990), resulting in a high ratio of quinic acid to total acids at full maturation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Additionally, the reduction of quinic acid content toward maturation was much smaller in A. rufa than in A. deliciosa (Okuse and Ryugo, 1981;Walton and De Jong, 1990), resulting in a high ratio of quinic acid to total acids at full maturation. Bieleski et al (1997) reported that the proportion of myo-inositol in total sugars reached about 30% in A. deliciosa fruit 90 days after pollination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fruit Characteristics of Shima sarunashi (Actinidia rufa) Indigenous to Warm Regions in Japan

Kim

Beppu

Fukuda³

et al. 2009

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The fruit characteristics of Shima sarunashi (Actinidia rufa (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.), indigenous to the warm regions in Japan were determined. Two typical collections were investigated to evaluate fruit characters throughout growth. Starch accumulated gradually from 120 days after full bloom (DAFB), and peaked at 160 DAFB. Along with the reduction of the starch content, the sugar content increased at 180 DAFB. Major sugar components of A. rufa fruit were glucose, fructose, and sucrose. In the early stage of fruit development, quinic acid was predominant, and then the content decreased gradually until 160 DAFB, while the content of citric acid gradually increased after 60 DAFB and that of malic acid increased slightly. A trace amount of soluble oxalate was detected throughout the fruit development period. Ascorbic acid content increased in the early to mid-stages of fruit development. Considering the change in quality, the maturation period of A. rufa fruit was estimated to be 180 DAFB. From the evaluation of mature fruit among 11 local collections, fruit shape varied, being round, ovoid, cylindroidal, and truncate. Fruit weight ranged from 7.4 to 18.6 g. Fruit skin was glabrous and the surface color varied from reddish-brown to brown. Flesh color was basically green or dark green. Exceptionally, in one collection, the flesh was reddish around the core. Soluble solid content of ripened fruit juice ranged from 6.2 to 17.4%. Sugar content varied from 2.0 to 15.6 g/100 g FW. Myo-inositol content ranged from 6.0 to 132.1 mg/100 g FW. Major organic acids were quinic, citric, and malic acid, and quinic acid was predominant. Total acid content ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 g/100 g FW. Total ascorbic acid content ranged from 6.8 to 45.8 mg/100 g FW. In all collections, protease activity in the juice was very low.

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“…Fruit growth in kiwifruit has previously been characterized by a single [38], a double [17] or a triple sigmoidal [29] growth curve. The data presented here shows the very dramatic initial growth phase which is typical of the sigmoidal growth curve of many fruit, such as tomato [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of five cDNAs for genes differentially expressed during fruit development of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var.deliciosa)

1994

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Five cDNAs for genes differentially expressed during fruit development of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward) were isolated from a library made from young fruit, 8-10 days after anthesis. One gene (pKIWI503) has low levels of expression in young fruit but is induced late in fruit development and during fruit ripening, and has some homology to plant metallothionein-like proteins. The other four genes are highly expressed in young fruit with reduced expression in the later stages of fruit development. pKIWI504 has strong homology to plant metallothionein-like proteins and pKIWI505 exhibits homology to the beta-subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase gene. The two other genes (pKIWI501 and 502) encode proteins with no significant homology to other known sequences.

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Growth and Compositional Changes in Kiwifruit Berries from Three Californian Locations

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Evaluation of Fruit Characteristics of Shima sarunashi (Actinidia rufa) Indigenous to Warm Regions in Japan

Cloning and characterization of five cDNAs for genes differentially expressed during fruit development of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var.deliciosa)

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