Growth and conductivity enhancement of N-doped ZnO nanorod arrays

Mahmood, Khalid; Park, Seung Bin

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.03.033

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Growth of ZnO and N:ZnO NRs : ZnO and N:ZnO NR arrays were grown based on a two-step method explained elsewhere. [ 40,41 ] Indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses were cleaned with acetone, ethyl alcohol, and water several times for proper cleaning. ZnO seed layer was deposited using electrospraying method as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NRs were grown along the c -axis direction and vertical to the substrate and nitrogen atoms do not cause prominent changes in the structure and crystal orientation of wurtzite-type ZnO NRs. [ 40,41 ] The schematic illustration of the perovskite solar cell architecture based on conventional ZnO and N:ZnO NRs (glass/ ITO/ZnO or N:ZnO NRs/MAPbI 3 /spiro-OMeTAD/Ag) and the energy level diagrams of related materials are displayed in Figure 2 a,c, respectively. In Figure 3 a,b, we plot the current density-voltage ( J -V ) characteristics and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the perovskite solar cells based on these pure ZnO and N:ZnO NRs as a function of rods length.…”

Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Based On Conventional Zno and N:zno Nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 41 ] The increase in V OC (from 926 to 958.5 mV) after doping could be attributed to an increase in their Fermi energy levels, owing to the increase in the charge-carrier density, which broadens the direct optical bandgap and lowers the barrier to electron transfer. [ 40 ] V OC may also increase due to reduced recombination losses as a result of improved electron-transport properties within the NRs. [ 41 ] J SC is strongly dependent on the length of N:ZnO NRs; it increases from 15.2 to 17.3 mA cm −2 as the NR length increases from 575 to 1070 nm.…”

Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Based On Conventional Zno and N:zno Nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 40,41 ] Further doping the ZnO NRs with nitrogen (N:ZnO) signifi cantly improved the electron transport properties of the NRs and solar cell performance as a result of enhanced charge-carrier concentration. [ 40 ] The hydrothermal route used for ZnO NRs synthesis can effectively tune the ZnO morphologies by adjusting the growth conditions such as growth time, temperature, and precursor concentration, and is superior to other methods such as electrochemical deposition. [ 34 ] The addition of polymer capping agents can also tailor the shape and aspect ratio of NRs by selectively adsorbing upon polar or nonpolar facets and modifying the growth rate along certain directions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

16.1% Efficient Hysteresis‐Free Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Synergistically Improved ZnO Nanorod Arrays

Mahmood

Swain

Amassian

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

235

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

quantum-dot solids, and dye-sensitized metal oxides. [1][2][3][4][5] In recent years, a major breakthrough in performance enhancement has been achieved using lead organo halide perovskite light absorbers which has taken the spotlight in the broad area of emerging thin fi lm photovoltaics. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Perovskite materials promise to yield inexpensive solar cells owing to the earthabundance and low cost of the primary materials and to the opportunity to solution-manufacture large area panels via continuous and high throughput roll-toroll methods. [ 17 ] To achieve highly effi cient and low cost perovskite cells, efforts have been made mainly in two distinct directions; to modify either electron-injecting nanostructured oxide layers or to develop the nonelectron-injecting-type layers. In the case of electron injecting oxide systems mesoscopic TiO 2 is still one of the most widely employed electron transporting materials (ETMs) in mesoscopic devices. [ 18,19 ] It would be of great interest if all the layers used to fabricate the perovskite devices could be solution-processed at low temperature, thus opening up the routes for high throughput and continuous manufacturing on glass and on plastic substrates at a very low cost. [ 20 ] In this regard, ZnO-based nanostructures have attracted great attention in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) area as an alternative ETM to the conventional TiO 2 , because of their excellent electrical/optical characteristics that can be tuned easily by manipulating the morphology, doping, and composition. [21][22][23] Moreover, ZnO has several orders of magnitude higher conductivity than TiO 2 which can promote faster electron transport and can be easily solution-processed at low temperature with high structural quality and in a wide range of microstructures using different techniques. [24][25][26][27] Kelly and co-workers [ 28 ] have obtained remarkably effi cient (15.4%, in the reverse direction) perovskite devices based on planar spin-coated ZnO electron transporting layers (ETLs) approaching the performance (19.3%, in the reverse direction) of TiO 2 -based ETL. [ 29 ] However, recent progress in the development of effi cient perovskite solar cells based on ZnO as a mesostructured ETM (e.g., nanoparticulate fi lm or nanorod (NR) array) has pushed the power conversion effi ciency (PCE) to 12% (in reverse direction), [30][31][32][33][34] which is still inferior to comparable mesostructured TiO 2 ETMs (with Signifi cant effi ciency improvements are reported in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on the development of a low-temperature solution-processedZnO nanorod (NR) array exhibiting higher NR aspect ratio, enhanced electron density, and substantially reduced work function than conventional ZnO NRs. These features synergistically result in hysteresis-free, scan-independent, and stabilized devices with an effi ciency of 16.1%. Electron-rich, nitrogendoped ZnO (N:ZnO) NR-based electron transporting materials (ETMs) with enhanced electron mobility produced...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Based On Conventional Zno and N:zno Nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perovskite Solar Cells Based On Conventional Zno and N:zno Nrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

16.1% Efficient Hysteresis‐Free Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Synergistically Improved ZnO Nanorod Arrays

Mahmood

Swain

Amassian

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

235

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Doping ZnO with elements containing fewer valence electrons than oxygen, such as nitrogen or phosphorous, introduces acceptors that compensate the intrinsic donors. Many groups have prepared nitrogen doped ZnO by numerous routes, including sputtering [15-17], laser ablation [18], molecular beam epitaxy [19], chemical vapor deposition [20], sol-gel synthesis [21], hydrothermal synthesis [22], spray pyrolysis [23], ball milling and combustions techniques [24, 25]. Additionally, many of the applications require processing control of particle size and morphology, as size and shape of the crystals can alter electronic, optical and chemical properties of the material [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of [Zn(acetate)2(amine) ] compounds (x=1 or 2) and their use as precursors to ZnO

Hyslop

Boydstun

Fereday

et al. 2015

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an obvious candidate for a p-type dopant in ZnO, nitrogen remains elusive in this role. Nitrogen containing precursors are a potential means to incorporate nitrogen during MOCVD growth. One class of nitrogen-containing precursors are zinc acetate amines, yet, they have received little attention. The synthesis and single crystal X-ray structure of [Zn(acetate)2(en)], and the synthesis of [Zn(acetate)2(en)2], [Zn(acetate)2(benzylamine)2], [Zn(acetate)2(butylamine)2], [Zn(acetate)2(NH3)2], and [Zn(acetate)2(tris)2], where en = ethylenediamine and tris = (tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane) are reported. The compounds were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolyzed in air and inert gas to yield ZnO. These compounds are useful single source precursors to ZnO bulk powders by alkali precipitation and ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis. The amine bound to the zinc influences the ZnO crystal size and shape and acts as a nitrogen donor for preparing nitrogen-doped ZnO during alkali precipitation. Thin films of ZnO prepared by spray pyrolysis using the precursors had a (100) preferred orientation and measured n-type to intrinsic conductivity.

show abstract

Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity

Kushwaha¹,

Aslam²

2014

Advanced Materials for Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Safety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth and conductivity enhancement of N-doped ZnO nanorod arrays

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

16.1% Efficient Hysteresis‐Free Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Synergistically Improved ZnO Nanorod Arrays

16.1% Efficient Hysteresis‐Free Mesostructured Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Synergistically Improved ZnO Nanorod Arrays

Synthesis and characterization of [Zn(acetate)2(amine) ] compounds (x=1 or 2) and their use as precursors to ZnO

Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About