Growth and contents of organic and inorganic solutes in amaranth under salt stress

Menezes, Renata Velasques; Neto, André Dias de Azevedo; Ribeiro, Marcos de Oliveira; Cova, Alide Mitsue Watanabe

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4742580

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The highest total biomass was noted in NS, whereas the lowest total biomass was observed in SSS. The decrease in biomass production in A. tricolor was lower compared to the results of Menezes et al ., who observed that at 100 mmol L −1 NaCl the leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and leaf area of A. cruentus decreased by 73%, 74%, 49%, 70% and 74%, respectively, compared to the control. The A. tricolor studied is tolerant to salinity stress, which was consistent with the results of Omami, who reported that A. tricolor is a salt‐tolerant genotype and can tolerate up to 200 mmol L –1 NaCl.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables

Sarker

2018

J Sci Food Agric

159

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BACKGROUND: Amaranthus tricolor is a unique source of betalain ( -cyanin and -xanthin) and a source of natural antioxidants, such as leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids in leafy vegetables. It has substantial importance for the food industry, since these compounds detoxify reactive oxygen species in humans and are involved in defense against several diseases. In addition, previous research has shown that salt stress elevates these compounds in many leafy vegetables. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of salinity stress on these compounds. RESULTS: Three selected A. tricolor genotypes were studied under three salinity levels to evaluate the response of these compounds. Genotype, salinity stress and their interactions significantly affected all the traits studied. A significant and remarkable increase in L, a*, b*, chroma, -cyanin, -xanthin, betalain, total carotenoids, -carotene, ascorbic acid, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity were observed under 50 and 100 mmol L -1 NaCl concentrations. Bioactive leaf pigments, -carotene, vitamin C, phenolics and flavonoids showed good antioxidant activity due to positive and significant interrelationships with total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Amaranthus tricolor can tolerate salinity stress without compromising the high quality of the final product. Therefore, it could be a promising alternative crop in saline-prone areas around the globe. U Sarker, S Oba the lack of betalainic leafy vegetables, A. tricolor attracts much interest as a betalainic ( -xanthin-and -cyanin-enriched) leafy vegetable with excellent antioxidant activity.Colored food products have attracted much interest in recent years, since they considerably affect the acceptability of foods. These products increase the interest of consumers in the aesthetic, nutritional and safety aspects of food, which has increased the demand for natural pigments, such as betalain and carotene. Betalain is a water-soluble compound found in a limited number of families of the plant order Caryophyllales, such as Amaranthus, which is a unique source of betalain and with important free radical-scavenging activity. 11 -Cyanin and -xanthin are red to purple, and betalain is yellow. [12][13][14][15] Similarly, carotene is grouped into -carotene, -carotene and xanthophyll. -Cyanin, -xanthin and carotene are also free radical scavengers (antioxidants) 16 that play an important role in human health.Salinity stress creates osmotic stress on plants by overproducing ROS from pathways such as photorespiration, photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration. 17 To counterbalance osmotic stress, plants have a distinct network of ROS detoxification systems, including an array of enzymes, non-enzymatic low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites or compatible solutes and antioxidants that function either independently or in combination. [18][19][20][21] To adapt, salt-stressed plants tend to accumulate compatible solutes such as proline, soluble protein, soluble sugars and antiox...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables

Sarker

2018

J Sci Food Agric

159

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“…Soluble sugar and soluble protein content were reduced in both varieties in response to salt stress severity, while the decline is more in VA3 compared to VA14. Menezes et al (2017) reported a similar increase in proline content as well as a reduction in soluble carbohydrates and soluble protein content in A. cruentus at 50 and 100 mM salt concentrations. Little attention was made in carotenoids although carotenoids are capable to quench 1 O 2 ; and lipid peroxy-radicals, and to generate superoxide and prohibit lipid peroxidation under dehydrative forces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Growth reduction in VA3 was signiﬁcantly pronounced than that in VA14 under both salt stress conditions i.e., VA14 showed better adaptation compared to VA3. Menezes et al (2017) observed a decrease in leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and leaf area at 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM of NaCl salt stress in A. cruentus . Odjegba and Chukwunwike (2012) noted a drastic decline in growth in Amaranthus hybridus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The salinity-induced decline in growth may be due to the creation of osmotic stress that inhibits transport and absorption of water. This inhibition leads to hormones-induced sequential reactions that reduce the opening of stomatal, assimilation of CO 2 , photosynthetic rate, ( Odjegba and Chukwunwike, 2012 ; Menezes et al, 2017 ). The diversion of energy from growth to the homeostasis of salinity stress and a reduction in carbon gains may be another reason for growth decline ( Atkin and Macherel, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Response of Salinity Stress-Induced A. tricolor to Growth, Anatomy, Physiology, Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic Antioxidants

2020

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An investigation was carried out to elucidate growth, anatomical, physiological, and major ROS detoxification pathways involved in the tolerance of A. tricolor under salinity stress. Both VA14 and VA3 varieties exhibited the reduction in relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, growth, increased electrolyte leakage (EL), and leaf anatomy adaptation under salinity stress, whereas VA14 was well adapted and performed better compared to VA3. Higher ROS accumulation was demonstrated in the sensitive variety (VA3) in comparison to the tolerant variety (VA14). Salinity stress changed the cellular antioxidant pool by increasing total carotenoids, ascorbate, proline, total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in both varieties. Although a higher increment was demonstrated in the tolerant variety, the proline increment was much more pronounced in the sensitive variety. Non-enzymatic antioxidant, ascorbate, carotenoids, TPC, TFC, TAC, and antioxidant enzymes SOD and APX were noted to be a major H 2 O 2 detoxifier in the tolerant A. tricolor variety, where there is a comparatively lower H 2 O 2 load. It was complemented by GPOX and CAT activity at a comparatively higher H 2 O 2 load (in the sensitive variety). SOD contributed to the dismutation of superoxide radical (SOR) both in the tolerant and sensitive varieties; however, it greatly contributed to the dismutation of SOR in the tolerant variety. The increase in SOD, ascorbate, and APX makes it predominantly evident that SOD and the AsA–GSH cycle had greatly contributed to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the tolerant variety of A. tricolor .

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“…The presence of different phenolic compounds in various parts of the amaranth plant contributes to its high antioxidative potential (Li et al 2015). Therefore, amaranth has been considered a prospective crop for marginal cropland and semiarid regions due to its tolerance of nutrient-poor soils, high temperatures, higher radiation levels, and salinity (Menezes et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic Acid and Calcium Signaling Induce Physiological and Phytochemical Changes to Improve Salinity Tolerance in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

Hoang

Guzman

Cadiz

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) is a plant that is rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. It is grown as a leafy vegetable in marginal environments, but high salinity levels in the soil can have a detrimental effect on its growth. These deleterious effects of salinity can be alleviated by exogenously applying signaling compounds such as salicylic acid (SA) and calcium (Ca), which can improve plant adaptation to stressful conditions. The present study evaluated the physiological and phytochemical responses of red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) to foliar-applied salicylic acid (SA; 0.005 mM) and calcium (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O; Ca, 2.5 mM) either alone or in combination (SA + Ca) under conditions of 100 mM NaCl salinity. The setup was placed under greenhouse condition from May to October 2017. Treatments without salinity and applied with SA or Ca were used as controls for comparison. Salinity stress reduced the growth and biomass, total chlorophyll contents, and increased electrolyte leakage with Na + and Cl − accumulation in shoot and roots. Nonetheless, exogenous applied SA and/or Ca 2+ reduced the adverse effects of salinity by modulating growth, Na + exclusion from roots, and increased total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in red amaranth. The combined application of salicylic acid and calcium can be a better strategy for improving the salinity tolerance of amaranth under salt-stressed conditions.

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Growth and contents of organic and inorganic solutes in amaranth under salt stress

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables

Salinity stress enhances color parameters, bioactive leaf pigments, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus leafy vegetables

The Response of Salinity Stress-Induced A. tricolor to Growth, Anatomy, Physiology, Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic Antioxidants

Salicylic Acid and Calcium Signaling Induce Physiological and Phytochemical Changes to Improve Salinity Tolerance in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.)

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