Growth and development of four calanoid copepod species under experimental and natural conditions

Breteler, W. C. M. Klein; Fransz, H.G.; Gonzalez, S.

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(82)90030-8

Cited by 206 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The high incorporation of TN and AA-N from R. salina is in accordance with its adequate size and nutritional quality for copepod growth (Klein Breteler et al 1982). The low incorporation of nitrogen from N. spumigena by E. affinis in contrast to the mixed assemblage of copepods and cladocerans might reflect the reluctance of these species to feed on this cyanobacterium at high rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Loick‐Wilde

Dutz

Miltner

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda) were fed 15 N-labeled Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta) or 15 N-labeled Nodularia spumigena (Cyanobacteria) in excess under controlled laboratory conditions. Zooplankton collected from the Baltic Sea were fed natural phytoplankton amended with 15 N-labeled N. spumigena. We quantified the direct incorporation of 15 N tracer from N 2 -fixing N. spumigena (diazotroph nitrogen) and ammonium-utilizing R. salina into the amino acid nitrogen (AA-N) of zooplankton using complementary gas chromatographycombustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and elemental analysisisotope ratio mass spectrometry approaches. Specific and mass-specific TN and AA-N incorporation rates of the 15 N tracers were calculated for zooplankton. Highest incorporation of 15 N was found in field zooplankton relying on N. spumigena and in E. affinis relying on R. salina. Lowest incorporation was found in E. affinis relying on N. spumigena. Decreasing specific and mass-specific rates during field experiments possibly were due to food shortage, whereas decreasing rates in E. affinis grazing on R. salina were more likely due to satiation. Specific and mass-specific rates were consistently low in E. affinis when exposed to N. spumigena, suggesting that these animals were reluctant to feed on N. spumigena. Essential isoleucine received most of the diazotroph nitrogen in field zooplankton, while nonessential amino acids received most 15 N tracer in E. affinis. N. spumigena was clearly an important amino acid nitrogen source for Baltic Sea zooplankton.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Loick‐Wilde

Dutz

Miltner

et al. 2012

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…In the laboratory, subsamples (1/ 5 fraction) from the net tows were counted, and the organisms were identified and measured with an Olympus SZ5145A dissecting microscope. The community biomass was calculated using weight-length regressions from literature (e.g., Klein Breteler et al 1982;Gorsky et al 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative importance of microbial and classical food webs in a highly productive coastal upwelling area

Vargas

Martínez

Cuevas

et al. 2007

Limnology & Oceanography

151

102

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We present an analysis of seasonal variations in the trophic pathways of carbon in a highly productive coastal upwelling region in the Humboldt current system off Chile. Seasonal changes in phytoplankton, protozooplankton, and bacteria biomass, along with rates of primary production (PP), bacterial growth, secondary production, vertical particle fluxes, and feeding by protozooplankton, omnivorous mesozooplankton, and carnivorous gelatinous zooplankton were determined from July 2004 to June 2005. Phytoplankton biomass and PP were maximal during spring/summer months, associated with upwelling episodes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) were the principal consumers of bacteria, removing .100% of their biomass daily. During autumn/winter, the protozooplankton grazed down a large fraction of HNF production (56% to 96% d 21 ). The mesozooplankton consumed 1-6% of the PP d 21 ; the different size fractions of copepods were omnivorous mostly during autumn/winter months, and ctenophores preyed most strongly on small copepods (0.5% to 5% d 21 ). A large part of the PP was channeled through the microbial food web, and only a small part AcknowledgmentsWe thank the captains and crew of the RV Kay Kay (Universidad de Concepció n, Chile) and the many undergraduate and graduate students who participated in our cruises (L. Lizá rraga, V. Aguilera, C. Aparicio, E. Menschel, and A. Araneda). We also thank José Luis Acuñ a and Albert Calbet for their valuable suggestions that substantially improved an earlier version of the manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for their critical and helpful comments.

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“…The ash-free dry weight of the copepods was approximated after Klein Breteler et al (1982) andGonzalez (1988), with correction for slight differences in size between the adults from the present and the former cultures. Carbon weight was calculated assuming 41% carbon content of the ash-free dry weight (Williams & Robins 1982).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of essential lipids in copepod nutrition: no evidence for trophic upgrading of food quality by a marine ciliate

Breteler¹,

Koski²,

Rampen³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The ciliate Strombidium sulcatum was used to feed and grow young stages of the copepods Temora longicornis (Müller) and Pseudocalanus elongatus (Boeck). The ciliate was cultured in the laboratory using either bacteria or the green alga Dunaliella sp. as a food source. Young copepodites of both copepod species consumed S. sulcatum at significant rates, but after 3 d, weightspecific ingestion decreased more than 2-fold. Larvae and copepodites feeding on S. sulcatum developed at suboptimal rates, survived poorly and showed abnormal morphology in comparison to control individuals fed a good-quality Rhodomonas sp. diet. The specific mass of fatty acids in S. sulcatum was much lower than in the Dunaliella sp. diet. However, the fatty acid composition of the protozoan more or less resembled that of the food, lacking long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs). Sterols only occurred in Dunaliella sp., although in low abundance of unuseful ∆7 sterols. Obviously, S. sulcatum did not biochemically enhance bacterial or algal food for subsequent use at higher trophic levels, and only transferred fatty acids without further conversion. The results indicate a deficiency in the ciliate of HUFAs and sterols which are essential nutrients for copepod growth. Apart from energy, ciliates seem to contribute little nutritive value to the diet of higher trophic levels, and this may limit secondary production during periods of low algal abundance. KEY WORDS: Copepods · Ciliates · Grazing · Food quality · Fatty acids · SterolsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Growth and development of four calanoid copepod species under experimental and natural conditions

Cited by 206 publications

References 14 publications

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

The relative importance of microbial and classical food webs in a highly productive coastal upwelling area

Role of essential lipids in copepod nutrition: no evidence for trophic upgrading of food quality by a marine ciliate

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Growth and development of four calanoid copepod species under experimental and natural conditions

Cited by 206 publications

References 14 publications

Incorporation of nitrogen from N2 fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Incorporation of nitrogen from N2 fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

The relative importance of microbial and classical food webs in a highly productive coastal upwelling area

Role of essential lipids in copepod nutrition: no evidence for trophic upgrading of food quality by a marine ciliate

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Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton

Incorporation of nitrogen from N₂ fixation into amino acids of zooplankton