Growth and Development of Heterakis gallinae in Turkeys and Chickens Infected with Histomonas meleagridis

Lund, Everett E.

doi:10.2307/3274594

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Previously it had been demonstrated that chickens with pathological evidence of histomoniasis had lower numbers of H. gallinarum worms compared with those mono-infected with H. gallinarum (Lund, 1958(Lund, , 1967. The low infection rate and the absence of H. gallinarum eggs observed in our experiments suggest that the severe inflammation induced by H. meleagridis may provide unfavourable conditions for the establishment of H. 6b: Addition of forskolin as a stimulator of cAMP-dependent chloride secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Pathobiology ofHeterakis gallinarummono-infection and co-infection withHistomonas meleagridisin layer chickens

et al. 2011

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Little is known about the induction and modulation of gut-associated immune reactions after nematode infection in the chicken. The objective of the present study was to compare the pathogenesis, induction of immune reactions and electrophysiological changes of the gut after mono-infection with Heterakis gallinarum and after dual infection with H. gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis in layer chickens. In two experiments 3-week-old chickens were inoculated with embryonated H. gallinarum eggs, which were positive for H. meleagridis. While birds of the first experiment were left untreated, those of the second experiment were treated with dimetridazol to prevent H. meleagridis co-infection. Mild to moderate histological lesions and local immune reactions with a significant increase in CD4(+), CD8α(+), TCRαβ(+) and TCRδγ(+) cells in the lamina propria and induction of the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine interleukin-13 dominated the H. gallinarum immune response at 2 weeks post infection. Co-infection with H. gallinarum and H. meleagridis induced an increase in mRNA expression of the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine interferon-γ, a decrease in splenic CD4(+) cells and severe destruction of the caecal mucosa in association with strong T-cell infiltration in the caecal lamina propria. There was no obvious effect on the chloride secretion of the caecal epithelium, which was investigated once the mucosa had almost recovered from the infection, in either experiment. These results suggest that the local T-cell reactions to nematode infections in chickens may be comparable with mammals and may be shifted from a Th2-dominated to a Th1-dominated response when accompanied by a protozoan infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Pathobiology ofHeterakis gallinarummono-infection and co-infection withHistomonas meleagridisin layer chickens

et al. 2011

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“…Applying eggs harbouring H. meleagridis goes back to the initial observation that the ceacal worm H. gallinarum is an important intermediate host for the protozoan parasite (Graybill and Smith, 1920). However, the fact that lesions induced by H. meleagridis established a less favourable environment for the caecal worm together with the observation that certain feed components can influence the interaction between both parasites in vivo indicates a complicated relationship (Lund, 1958; Daş et al ., 2011). If unprotected parasites are used, the rectal route is the most reliable one due to the low tenacity of the parasite, already noticed in the early studies of Tyzzer (1934).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Heß

2017

British Poultry Science

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ABSTRACT1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies.2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs.3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs).4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host–pathogen interaction.

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“…Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis is intimately associated with the caecal nematode Heterakis gallinarum and several species of earthworms common to poultry yard soil (Tyzzer 1926;Lund 1958;Lund et al 1966;Lund and Chute 1973;Calnek et al 1997). The mechanism of egg infection in H. gallinarum by histomonads has, however, not been experimentally determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli (Shrank 1788) as a potential vector for Salmonella enterica dissemination in poultry

Chadfield¹,

Permin²,

Nansen³

et al. 2001

Parasitol Res

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During recent years, the level of organically farmed poultry in Denmark has increased. Subsequent investigations have demonstrated an incidence of 64% of Ascaridia galli infections in layers established in organic farming systems. Studies to determine the interaction of Salmonella enterica with the parasitic nematode A. galli associated with poultry were undertaken to establish the significance of A. galli in the dissemination of S. enterica. A. galli was isolated from 40-week-old Lohmann Brown Salmonella-free layers. Worms were subsequently maintained in vitro and exposed to S. e. serovar Typhimurium at concentrations of 10(5)-10(6) colony forming units/ml for varying times (24-144 h). Eggs were harvested aseptically from the worms and the associations of S. e. Typhimurium in relation both to the eggs and to structures on the surface of the worm were studied, using immunofluorescence, viable counts and in situ hybridisation. Results show attachment of S. e. Typhimurium to the outer coating of the eggs and possible internalisation. Evidence of association of the bacteria with the nematode eggs was further substantiated by establishing Salmonella infection in day-old chicks after dosing them with eggs harvested from parasitic worms infected in vitro with Salmonella.

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Growth and Development of Heterakis gallinae in Turkeys and Chickens Infected with Histomonas meleagridis

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Pathobiology ofHeterakis gallinarummono-infection and co-infection withHistomonas meleagridisin layer chickens

Pathobiology ofHeterakis gallinarummono-infection and co-infection withHistomonas meleagridisin layer chickens

Commensal or pathogen – a challenge to fulfil Koch’s Postulates

Investigation of the parasitic nematode Ascaridia galli (Shrank 1788) as a potential vector for Salmonella enterica dissemination in poultry

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