Growth and Development of Oat with Special Reference to Source-Sink Interaction and Productivity

Peltonen‐Sainio, Pirjo

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58554-8_2

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The timing of the stage of maturity of oats was reasonably similar between years when compared by calendar date (Table 1). Duration of phenophases in oats is influenced by genotype and environment, with temperature and day‐length being the major environmental influences (Peltonen‐Sainio, 1999). Seasonal 5‐month mean temperatures for May to September were near the 30‐year average of 14·5°C in 1999 and 2000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

Ross

King

O’Donovan

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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Annual forage yields of intercrops of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.), as affected by timing of initial harvest and sowing rate of oats, were investigated. Berseem clover was intercropped with oats at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 240 plants m )2 of oats in 1999 and 2000 in Alberta, Canada. Cutting date treatments involved initial harvest at 10-d intervals between 35 and 88 d after planting (DAP), and one or two subsequent harvests of regrowth. Total intercrop dry-matter (DM) yield averaged 12AE9-13AE3 t ha )1 with proportions of 0AE21-0AE43 of berseem clover in the forage. Treatments with an initial cut at the silage stage of oats (76 DAP in 1999, 88 DAP in 2000, at about soft-dough stage of oats) had greater yields of oats, lower yields of berseem clover, and lower proportions of berseem clover in total annual yields than treatments with an earlier initial cut. Total crude protein (CP) yield was greater with an initial cut at 65-66 DAP than with a silage-stage initial cut. With an initial cut at 35 DAP (before stem elongation of oats) or after 65 DAP (after heading of oats), yield potential of oats was sometimes reduced compared with silage-stage treatments, but this was balanced by a greater yield of berseem clover. The impact of harvest timing on total yield decreased as the proportion of berseem clover in the intercrops increased. With decreasing density of oats, DM yield of first-cut intercrops and total DM yield of oats decreased, while regrowth and total DM yields of berseem clover increased. Intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 had equal or greater total DM and CP yields than intercrops with 240 plants m )2 of oats. For intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 , with initial cuts at 65-66, 75-76, or 88 DAP, yields of regrowths were 0AE30-0AE35, 0AE16-0AE26 and 0AE09 of the total yield respectively. Oats-berseem clover intercrops showed potential to manipulate the pattern of annual forage yield and to provide flexibility of harvest without reducing annual yields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

Ross

King

O’Donovan

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Non-surviving tillers of spring barley have been shown to translocate considerable amounts of photoassimilates for the growth of the main shoot during the stem elongation phase (Lauer andSimmons 1988, El-Alaoui et al 1992). Tillering enables faster canopy closure, which improves interception of radiation, reduces transpiration and hence improves efficient use of soil moisture reservoirs, resulting in improved growth (Peltonen-Sainio 1999). Accordingly, non-surviving vegetative tillers may play an important role in overall growth and productivity of spring cereals.…”

Section: Tillering Tiller Growth and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, plants should remain upright for successful grain filling. Short stature plant stands, either produced by breeding or by PGR application, reduce the risk for lodging and hence, facilitate undisturbed assimilate flow from vegetative plant parts to the grains till the very end of the grain filling process (El-Alaoui et al 1992, Ma and Smith 1992b, Peltonen-Sainio 1999.…”

Section: Rajala a Plant Growth Regulators To Manipulate Oat Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.

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“…Maximum LAI values were 7·3–7·6 for oats in the O 240 treatment and 5·6–5·7 for oats in the O 60 treatment. Under northern growing conditions, the peak LAI of oats varies from 2 to 12, and the optimum LAI to support grain production ranges from 3 to 5 (Peltonen‐Sainio, 1999). With oats grown for forage, a greater LAI would be desirable.…”

Section: Leaf Area Index and Light Interceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. I. Primary growth characteristics and forage quality at four densities of oats

Ross

King

O’Donovan

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) was sown as an intercrop with oats (Avena sativa L.) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 240 oats plants m )2 in May in 1999 and 2000 in Alberta, Canada. Forage yield and quality were measured at 10-d intervals between 35 and 88 d after planting (DAP). Yield is defined as the biomass above 6 cm of the soil surface. The dry-matter (DM) yield of berseem clover in sole crops increased by 5-10 g m )2 d )1 between 35 and 55 DAP and then increased by 21-28 g m )2 d )1 between 55 and 75 DAP. The DM yields of oats sown at 240 plants m )2 increased by 26-28 g m )2 d )1 over the whole period from 35 to 75 DAP. Oats were the dominant component in the intercrops, even at low densities of oats. Berseem clover grown with 60 oats plants m )2 received only 0AE24 of the incident light when shading by oats peaked at 65 DAP. DM yields of berseem clover in intercrops with 60 oats plants m )2 averaged 0AE14-0AE32 of the yields of berseem clover sole crops. Between 35 and 88 DAP in 2000, the crude protein (CP) concentration of berseem clover sole crops declined linearly from 310 to 180 g kg )1 DM, and the CP concentration of oats exhibited a quadratic response, declining from 350 g kg )1 DM at tillering to 110 g kg )1 DM at the soft dough stage. The mean CP concentration of berseem clover in intercrops with 60 oats plants m )2 was 25 g kg )1 less than in berseem clover sole crops, indicating that competition by oats reduced the CP concentration of berseem clover. At later sampling dates, CP and DM yields of intercrops with oats at 60 plants m )2 equalled those with oats at 240 plants m )2 . The addition of berseem clover to oats in intercrops at 60 oats plants m )2 reduced the neutraldetergent fibre concentration by 30 g kg )1 DM compared with oats alone. Oats were very competitive as a companion crop for berseem clover. Adding berseem clover to oats increased forage quality and may provide for increased intake and digestibility of forage to support higher livestock productivity.

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Growth and Development of Oat with Special Reference to Source-Sink Interaction and Productivity

Cited by 20 publications

References 88 publications

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. II. Effects of cutting date and density of oats on annual forage yield

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

The productivity of oats and berseem clover intercrops. I. Primary growth characteristics and forage quality at four densities of oats

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