Growth and Development of Six Varieties of Smooth Bromegrass (<i>Bromus inermis</i> Leyss.) with Observations on Seasonal Variation of Fructosan and Growth Regulators<sup>1</sup>

Eastin, Jerry D.; Teel, Merle R.; Langston, Ruble

doi:10.2135/cropsci1964.0011183x000400060001x

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Lower tiller counts in the former treatment are most likely a function of the combined effect of slower plant regrowth from basal shoots, limited basal foliage remaining after defoliation to provide photosynthate, and removal of stem apices (Anderson et al, 1989;Neiland and Curtis, 1956); and for the latter treatment, lower tiller counts are a function of suppressed tillering at the onset of reproductive growth, as has been noted also in smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) (Eastin et al, 1964) and timothy (Phleum pretense L.) (Langer, 1956).…”

Section: Tiller Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

2018

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Core Ideas Defoliation management resulted in a wide range of plant responses that varied by year, with deleterious responses more evident in the second year. Greater leaf/stem ratios occurred with more frequent defoliation treatments. Frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk should maintain a stubble height of at least 40 cm, defoliation frequencies ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥9 wk to 10 cm stubble height are warranted to ensure stand persistence. ‘Performer’ switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was released in 2006 by the USDA‐NCSU forage program because of its greater digestibility compared to standard cultivars grown in the southeastern United States. Forages with greater digestibility have potential to positively impact animal responses, however, defoliation management can influence its productivity and persistence. The objectives were to determine the effect of the factorial combination of four defoliation heights (DH) (clipped to 10, 20, 30, and 40‐cm) and four defoliation frequencies (DF) (clipped every 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk) on productivity, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts. The experiment was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC. The 16 treatments were allocated in a complete randomized block design replicated four times. In 2016, total dry matter (DM) yield ranged from 4.2 to 13.1 Mg ha−1 being greatest for the 9‐ and 12‐wk DF at 10‐ and 20‐cm DH and lowest for all DH at 3‐wk defoliation frequency. In 2017, the DM yield range was wider ranging from 0.5 to 14.0 Mg ha−1 with lower tiller counts for the 10‐ and 20‐cm DH, 3‐wk DF treatments. Leaf/stem ratio was greater for the more frequently defoliated treatments in both years. ‘Performer’ switchgrass is a productive forage and on the basis of total DM harvested, leaf/stem ratio, and tiller counts, frequent defoliations such as every 3 wk to 40‐cm stubble height, ≥6 wk to 20‐cm stubble height, and ≥ 9 wk to 10 cm stubble height, are warranted to ensure stand persistence.

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Section: Tiller Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

2018

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“…Development of decapitated tillers then relies on growth of new tillers from axillary buds which, in summer-dormant species such as phalaris, could otherwise have become dormant buds. The number and growth rate of new tillers growing from buds on decapitated tillers tends to increase as lateness of cutting extends from early stem elongation to anthesis, depending on environmental conditions (Reynolds & Smith 1962;Eastin et al. 1964;Jewiss 1972).…”

Section: Improving Grazing Tolerance In Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the grazing and drought tolerance of temperate perennial grasses

Kemp

Culvenor

1994

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The improvement of grazing and drought tolerance of temperate (C3) perennial pasture grasses is an important component of plant improvement programmes. The improvement of these characteristics in grasses is best based on an understanding of the physiology of grass growth and development. This paper discusses the components of growth, i.e. buds, leaves, tillers, stems, and plants, how they interact, and how compensation between components occurs. These components are considered in relation to what is known about the grazing and drought tolerance of grasses in Australia where selection for plant survival is as important as for production. It is concluded that tiller and bud densities could be increased in new cultivars. Some existing cultivars have, arguably, too low a tiller density. Plants with more and, or larger tillers have more chances of survival in many circumstances. Reproductive development interacts strongly with grass growth and development. Once apices initiate, growth is stimulated, but the numbers of tillers can then decline and plants become more vulnerable to damage from grazing, especially during stem elongation. Early-flowering cultivars are more winter-active, but they are also likely to be more A94023

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“…Leyss) have shown the lowest percentages during early stages of stem elongation and the highest at near seed maturity (Eastin et al, 1964;Okajimaand Smith, 1964;Paulsen and Smith, 1968;Reynolds and Smith, 1962). Leyss) have shown the lowest percentages during early stages of stem elongation and the highest at near seed maturity (Eastin et al, 1964;Okajimaand Smith, 1964;Paulsen and Smith, 1968;Reynolds and Smith, 1962).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Carbohydrate Reserves of Grasses

Smith¹

1972

The Biology and Utilization of Grasses

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Growth and Development of Six Varieties of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with Observations on Seasonal Variation of Fructosan and Growth Regulators¹

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

Improving the grazing and drought tolerance of temperate perennial grasses

Carbohydrate Reserves of Grasses

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Growth and Development of Six Varieties of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with Observations on Seasonal Variation of Fructosan and Growth Regulators1

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

Defoliation Management Affects Productivity, Leaf/Stem Ratio, and Tiller Counts of ‘Performer’ Switchgrass

Improving the grazing and drought tolerance of temperate perennial grasses

Carbohydrate Reserves of Grasses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Growth and Development of Six Varieties of Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with Observations on Seasonal Variation of Fructosan and Growth Regulators¹