Growth and developmental stability of Drosophila melanogaster in low frequency magnetic fields

Graham, John H.; Fletcher, David; Tigue, James; Mcdonald, M. W.

doi:10.1002/1521-186x(200009)21:6<465::aid-bem6>3.3.co;2-3

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The increase in vertebral phenotype diversity replicated year after year in R. rutilus underyearlings after their incubation in a 1·4–1·6 µT MF with 500 Hz frequency is in accordance with data on the increase in the number of different vertebral phenotypes in R. rutilus after the embryos were exposed to toxicants (Chebotareva et al , ), as well as with a popular view on population reaction in response to deviations in environmental conditions from the optimum (Carpenter & Brock, ). It should be noted that previously, an increase in the diversity of morphological traits in response to MF action was observed in organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster (Graham et al , ) and Daphnia magna (Krylov & Osipova, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Delayed consequences of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields and the influence of adverse environmental conditions on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos

Крылов

Chebotareva

Izyumov

2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study presents data collected over a 6 year period on the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (MFs) (1.4-1.6 µT, 500 Hz and 1.4-1.6 µT, 72.5 Hz) and MFs in combination with other environmental stressors (elevated temperature, 0.01 mg l(-1) trichlorfon, 0.01 mg l(-1) copper sulphate pentahydrate) on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos. Effects were studied during different stages of early development. Rutilus rutilus were raised in ponds for 4 months after exposure to MFs. The mass, standard length (LS ) and morphological characteristics of underyearlings which were exposed as embryos were recorded. An increase in embryo mortality and a decrease in LS and mass indices in underyearlings were noted after they had been exposed to a combination of MFs and different adverse environmental factors. In addition, exposure to MFs led to changes in the total number of vertebrae and the number of seismosensory system openings in the mandibular bones of underyearlings. MFs of different frequency caused both increases (500 Hz) and decreases (72.5 Hz) in morphological diversity. The stressors used in this study, however, did not increase the fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral morphological characteristics. The possible microevolutionary effects of exposure to MFs alone and in combination with other adverse environmental factors upon natural fish populations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Delayed consequences of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields and the influence of adverse environmental conditions on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos

Крылов

Chebotareva

Izyumov

2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…The working hypothesis in such comparisons is that DI, and therefore its most easily observable outcome, FA, will be higher in the more stressed populations compared to the control or unstressed populations. In fact, this result often has been found (e.g., Graham et al 2000, Pankakoski et al 1992.…”

Section: Fluctuating Asymmetry and Stressmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Genetics and Evolution of Fluctuating Asymmetry

Leamy

Klingenberg

2005

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

258

240

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▪ Abstract Variation in the subtle differences between right and left sides of bilateral characters, or fluctuating asymmetry (FA), has long been considered to be primarily environmental in origin, and this has promoted its use as a measure of developmental instability (DI) in populations. There is little evidence for specific genes that govern FA per se. Numerous studies show that FA levels in various characters are influenced by dominance and especially epistatic interactions among genes. An epistatic genetic basis for FA may complicate its primary use in comparisons of DI levels in outbred or wild populations subjected or not subjected to various environmental stressors. Although the heritability of FA typically is very low or zero, epistasis can generate additive genetic variation for FA that may allow it to evolve especially in populations subjected to bottlenecks, hybridizations, or periods of rapid environmental changes caused by various stresses.

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“…In nature, developmental instability may negatively affect the fitness of a biological organism (Badyaev et al 2000) and the yield of an economic trait and its components, such as seed size, seed number and photosynthetic rate (Souza et al 2005), through the investment of extra energy to buffer against various environmental fluctuations that are internal and external to an organism. A widely accepted view is that developmental instability will be higher in the more stressed populations compared to the control or unstressed populations (Pankakoski et al 1992;Graham et al 2000;Pertoldi et al 2006). Given the fundamental importance of developmental instability, it is essential for understanding its genetic causes and consequences (Polak 2003;Leamy and Klingenberg 2005) and further exploring how it responds to natural or artificial selection within an evolutionary and ecological context (Clarke 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Genetic Mapping of Developmental Instability: Design, Model and Algorithm

Zhang

Cui

et al. 2007

Genetics

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Developmental instability or noise, defined as the phenotypic imprecision of an organism in the face of internal or external stochastic disturbances, has been thought to play an important role in shaping evolutionary processes and patterns. The genetic studies of developmental instability have been based on fluctuating asymmetry (FA) that measures random differences between the left and the right sides of bilateral traits. In this article, we frame an experimental design characterized by a spatial autocorrelation structure for determining the genetic control of developmental instability for those traits that cannot be bilaterally measured. This design allows the residual environmental variance of a quantitative trait to be dissolved into two components due to permanent and random environmental factors. The degree of developmental instability is quantified by the relative proportion of the random residual variance to the total residual variance. We formulate a mixture model to estimate and test the genetic effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the developmental instability of the trait. The genetic parameters including the QTL position, the QTL effects, and spatial autocorrelations are estimated by implementing the EM algorithm within the mixture model framework. Simulation studies were performed to investigate the statistical behavior of the model. A live example for poplar trees was used to map the QTL that control root length growth and its developmental instability from cuttings in water culture.

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Growth and developmental stability of Drosophila melanogaster in low frequency magnetic fields

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Delayed consequences of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields and the influence of adverse environmental conditions on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos

Delayed consequences of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields and the influence of adverse environmental conditions on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos

The Genetics and Evolution of Fluctuating Asymmetry

Genetic Mapping of Developmental Instability: Design, Model and Algorithm

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