Growth and efficiency analysis of tobacco production in Bangladesh: a non-parametric approach

Does contract farming arrangement improve smallholder tobacco productivity? Evidence from Zimbabwe

“…Prior to estimation of the models, the study run some data validation and whether they meet the SFA assumptions, using the OLS residual and Skewness tests [ 39 , 40 ], which both support the data meeting the SFA data requirement. The choice of variables in this model is supported by previous work by Muyanga et al [ 46 , 56 ] Pangapanga-Phiri et al [ 22 ], and Rana et al [ 15 ]. The study results show that logs of farm size, fertilizer, labour, and seed substantially influence yield of tobacco in the study area at 5% level of significance.…”

“…Using a semi-structured household questionnaire, the study compiled farm-level data on quantity of seeds, organic manure, and in-organic fertilizers in kg, labour in personal-days, and farm-size in hectares allocated for tobacco production. While informed by literature, this study used the aforementioned factors of production to examine the tobacco productivity [ 15 ]. Similarly, Rana et al [ 15 ] studied the growth of tobacco production in Bangladesh and used factors like land, seeds, labour, and fertilizer to determine tobacco production factors.…”

“…While informed by literature, this study used the aforementioned factors of production to examine the tobacco productivity [ 15 ]. Similarly, Rana et al [ 15 ] studied the growth of tobacco production in Bangladesh and used factors like land, seeds, labour, and fertilizer to determine tobacco production factors.…”

“…In addition, when tested through the clustersamplesi, the 240 number of farmers was able to detect the minimum effect of CFA by 80%. In literature, there are studies that used a sample size of 130 farmers to study the effect of tobacco on improving household livelihood, for instance, Rana et al [ 15 ] in Meherpur district in Bangladesh. Miran et al [ 31 ] used a sample of 300 farmers to assess the sustainability of tobacco production in Turkey.…”

“…Between 2009 and 2018, the country witnessed unpredictable and dwindling tobacco production [ 10 , 11 ]. Scholars [ 11 ] attributed the dampened tobacco production to global tobacco control campaigns, low adoption of agricultural technologies, declining soil fertility, erratic precipitation patterns, lack of access to capital, insufficient rural credit markets, and lack of insurance [ [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. Dorward et al [ 16 ] reported that agricultural price insurance changes the supply curve of agricultural products by reducing their supply elasticity, subsequently positively affecting the stabilisation of outputs.…”