Growth and Fruit Characteristics of Hypo-, Hyper-tetraploid Grapes

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the fruit and vine characteristics of hypo-and hyper-tetraploid grapes from which a chromosome was added or deleted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of developing seedless grapes by utilizing the characteristics of hypo-and hyper-tetraploid grapes. Both the hypo-and hyper-tetraploid grapes showed stable vine growth characteristics unlike other aneuploid plants, which displayed abnormal leaf morphology and unstable vine growth patterns, indicating that hypo-and hyper-tetraploid grapes can be used for commercial purpose. The hypo-tetraploid grapes produced 100% seedless fruits, with large berries ranging from 8.5 to 10.5 g, when the grapes were applied with 100 ppm gibberillic acid during their full bloom period. Although the fruits of the hyper-tetraploid grape were larger than those of the hypo-tetraploid grapes, it produced a lower percentage of seedless fruits. We conclude that the characteristics of hypo-tetraploid grapes may be exploited to develop seedless grapes with large berries.

Production of Hypo- and Hypertetraploid Seedlings from Open-, Self-, and Cross-Pollinated Hypo- and Hypertetraploid Grape

“…Hence, more hypotetraploids should be obtained using the embryo rescue technique after pollination. The hypo-and hypertetraploid hybrid grapes obtained from this study show stable vine growth characteristics (Park et al, 2015), indicating that they can be used for commercial purposes, unlike other aneuploid plants, which display abnormal leaf morphology and unstable growth patterns. In addition, most of the hybrid grapes displayed low pollen fertility and produced seedless fruits with large berries, as 100 ppm of gibberellic acid was applied during their full-bloom period.…”

“…Seedlessness is one of the most important traits of table grapes, as consumer demand for seedless grapes has increased yearly in the global market. Thus, many grape breeders have strived to develop seedless varieties (Park, 2011;Heo and Park, 2015). Aneuploidy refers to the loss or gain of individual chromosomes from the normal chromosome set (Huettel et al, 2008).…”

A Red Triploid Seedless Grape ‘Red Dream’

“…Furthermore, the additional labor required, which accounts for a large proportion of the operating expenses, increases the total production costs significantly. Therefore, substantial efforts have been made to breed and distribute new seedless grape cultivars to avoid the shortcomings of chemical treatment (Heo and Park, 2017;Kim et al, 2020;Park et al, 2015Park et al, , 2016Park et al, , 2020. As an attractive alternative, triploid grapes have extremely low fertility (Heo et al, 2007), and a single GA 3 application at full bloom is presumably sufficient, enabling the standardization of the production of seedless grapes (Heo and Park, 2016a).…”

‘Black Star’: An Early-maturing Seedless Grape Cultivar

“…However, none of them were successful in developing a new cultivar that can replace 'Campbell Early' as an early-maturing cultivar. Our research team has tried to create useful triploid and aneuploid genetic resources, which have advantages of producing seedless grapes, with varying phenotypes of ripeness, quality, and skin color (Heo and Park, 2016;Kim et al, 2020;Park et al, 2015). As a result, we have finally developed a triploid seedless grape cultivar, Black Star-an early-maturing cultivar with excellent quality and adaptability to relatively unfavorable environments during cultivation.…”