Growth and Ginsenoside Production in Hairy Root Cultures of<i>Panax ginseng</i>using a Novel Bioreactor

Palazón, Javier; Mallol, Anna; Eibl, Regine; Lettenbauer, Christine; Cusidó, Rosa M.; Piñol, M. Teresa

doi:10.1055/s-2003-38873

Cited by 111 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…After the entire medium exchange they observed a greater biomass increase and culture productivity than with the medium refilled with phosphate or ammonium nitrate only. The similar observations were done as well by Palazon et al [66]. The medium exchange in the bioreactor was the requirement of the increased productivity of ginsenosides.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

et al. 2014

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IntroductionHairy, or transgenic roots are characterized by a rapid and stable growth, which importantly can be initiated and maintained in a hormone-free medium. They often synthetize approximately the same and in some cases even greater amounts of secondary metabolites compared to their mother plants [1,2] and the rate of production remains stable. This makes hairy roots of medicinal plants a good source of valuable compounds and obviously their large-scale culture in bioreactors holds immense potential for the pharmaceutical industry [3].Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Campanulaceae) is an ornamental plant growing wild in northern Asia, in China, Korea, Japan and east Siberia. For culture it needs light, medium moisture, organically rich, well-drained loams and full sun to part shade.Platycodi radix, the root of P. grandiflorum, has been used as food and in traditional oriental medicine to treat bronchitis, asthma and other pulmonary diseases. Triterpene saponins, called platycosides, are responsible for the medicinal value of this plant material. They have demonstrated a broad spectrum of therapeutic effects, such as antitumor [4][5][6][7], anti-inflammatory [8,9], hepatoprotective [10], antiatherosclerotic [11] and antinociceptive [12]. Additionally, these compounds were found to be a potent adjuvant of specific cellular and humoral immune responses, with the potential use in vaccine production [13][14][15]. Finally, saponins from Platycodi radix stimulated osteoblast differentiation via RUNX2, a principal osteogenic master gene for bone formation [16].Although the extensive pharmacological studies of these valuable compounds were undertaken, to date the sum of saponins, not the chosen, in hairy root cultures of P. grandiflorum was determined only by our research team [17]. Besides, this is the first report of the growth of P. grandiflorum transgenic roots cultured in a mist bioreactor and their yield of saponins. The method of Platycodi radix saponins determination published in "Chinese pharmacopeia" [18] exhibited as no suitable for quantitative analysis of saponins from P. grandiflorum transgenic roots. Therefore, the authors elaborated their own method [17].The compounds mentioned above are the main chemicals found in Platycodi radix. They are typical composed of oleaene backbones with two side chains: one is a 3-O-glucose linked by glycosidic bond, and the other is a 28-O-arabinoserhamnose-xylose-apiose linked by an ester bond [19]. To date, more than 55 triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from Platycodi radix [20]. Examples are platycodins A-I and polygalacins D and D2. According to WHO monographs AbstractThe growth and saponin accumulation were measured in two lines of transgenic hairy roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, Pl 6 and Pl 17, cultured for 8 weeks in 250-ml shake flasks containing 50 ml of hormone-free woody plant medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose and in the Pl 17 line cultured for 12 weeks in a 5-l mist bioreactor containing 1.5 l of the same medium. With both methods, the...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Liu et al [60] fitted a concentric draught tube with holes into their mist bioreactor which ensured better mist distribution compared to a standard mist bioreactor. The alternative can be the Wave bioreactor employment [66], in which the medium reach to any cell. The satisfactory results were received by Jeong and Park as well [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

et al. 2014

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“…Scopolamine production is dependent on aeration such that the oxygen molecules activate one of the important key enzymes (6b-hydroxyhyoscyamine) in scopolamine production in plant cells and tissue cultures (Hashimoto et al 1989;Min et al 2007;Kardilo et al 2010). Improvements in H6H activity causes more hyosiamine to change into scopolamine (Palazon et al 2003). When aeration level is low, cells decline energy (ATP) levels, which may direct affect the cellular metabolism and morphology (Leathers 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Scopolamine content in Hairy Roots of Atropa belladonna using Bioreactor

Habibi

Piri

Deljo

et al. 2015

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…PCR method can be used simply for detecting T-DNA sequences in putative transformants (Palazon et al 2003b). Ri plasmid is a diagnostic tool that is used to confirm the integration of T-DNA into host genome (Soleimani et al 2012).…”

Section: Pcr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A reliable and efficient protocol for induction of hairy roots in Agastache foeniculum

2014

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Hairy root culture system is a valuable tool to study the characteristics of gene expression, gene function, root biology, biochemical properties and biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites. In the present study, hairy roots were established in Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) via Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Three strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, A7 and 9435), were used for induction of hairy roots in four various explants (hypocotyl, cotyledon, onemonth-old leaf and five-month-old leaf) of Anise hyssop. The highest frequency of transformation was achieved using A4 strain in one-month-old leaves (51.1%). The transgenic states of hairy root lines were confirmed by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) method. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the production of rosmarinic acid (RA) in transformed roots of A. foeniculum was almost 4-fold higher than that of the non-transformed roots. In a separate experiment, hairy roots obtained from one-month-old leaves inoculated with A4 strain, were grown in liquid medium and the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid (0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) and chitosan (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L −1 ) (as elicitor) and sucrose (20, 30, 40 and 50 g L −1 ) on the growth of hairy roots were evaluated. The results showed that, 30 g L −1 sucrose and 100 mg L −1 chitosan increased the biomass of hairy root cultures and application of salicylic acid reduced the growth of hairy roots compared with control roots.

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Growth and Ginsenoside Production in Hairy Root Cultures ofPanax ginsengusing a Novel Bioreactor

Cited by 111 publications

References 13 publications

The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

Increasing Scopolamine content in Hairy Roots of Atropa belladonna using Bioreactor

A reliable and efficient protocol for induction of hairy roots in Agastache foeniculum

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