Growth and ion uptake by wheat supplied nitrogen as nitrate, or ammonium, or both

Cox, William J.; Reisenauer, H. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00779019

Cited by 313 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) can also induce Mg deficiency (Cox & Reisenauer 1973;Polle et al 1994), although this is unlikely to be a problem as nitrification is likely to proceed rapidly, since most Gisborne citrus soils have a pH of around 6.1 (Table 1). However, products containing nitrification inhibitors may exacerbate Mg deficiency (Shaviv et al 1987).…”

Section: Calcium and Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

Morton¹,

Trolove²,

Kerckhoffs³

2008

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is widespread in citrus on the Gisborne plains. Soil-applied and foliar Mg fertilisers have done little to raise leaf Mg concentrations. Data analysis indicates that this deficiency is a result of high ratios of exchangeable potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) relative to Mg in Gisborne soils (0.5:1 and 7.4:1, respectively). Data from the literature suggests that K:Mg and Ca:Mg ratios greater than 0.4:1 and 7:1, respectively, can cause Mg deficiency. Significant responses to Mg by citrus, in terms of yield or fruit quality, are only likely in instances of severe Mg deficiency. Reductions in yield or fruit quality under conditions of mild Mg deficiency, such as are found in Gisborne, are only likely in some years. To increase our understanding of Mg deficiency in Gisborne citrus, future research should quantify the effect of mild Mg deficiency on fruit quality and yield and investigate the use of Mg:K and Mg:Ca ratios in soil samples deeper than the standard 0.15 cm for diagnosing Mg deficiency. further, the effects of soil moisture and rooting depth on the seasonal patterns of Mg, K, and Ca uptake and the effect of manipulating the shoot:root ratio on leaf Mg concentrations need to be understood. Nutrient management strategies for Mg must be developed following an evaluation of the effects of foliar sprays as well as long-term use of different forms of Mg besides kieserite, irrigation, mulching, and groundcover manipulation. Another option for addressing Mg deficiency is to select or breed citrus rootstocks for improved ability to obtain Mg from Gisborne soils.

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Section: Calcium and Ammoniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

Morton¹,

Trolove²,

Kerckhoffs³

2008

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…Increases as high as 40-70 % in controlled-culture conditions have been reported, and somewhat lower, but still appreciable, enhancements are seen in field conditions (Gill & Reisenauer, 1993). The nature of this N-source synergism is poorly understood, but, importantly, the enhancement effect is most pronounced when the relative proportions of NO $ − within the N mixture are higher, and is therefore directly related to the acquisition potential of NO $ − in a given species (Cox & Reisenauer, 1973). This emphasizes the importance in the field of the high potential for NO $ − acquisition we have identified in rice.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative kinetic analysis of ammonium and nitrate acquisition by tropical lowland rice: implications for rice cultivation and yield potential

et al. 2000

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Nitrogen limitation compromises the realization of yield potential in cereals more than any other single factor. In rice, the world's most important crop species, the assumption has long been that only ammonium-N is efficiently utilized. Consequently, nitrate utilization has been largely ignored, although fragmentary data have suggested that growth could be substantial on nitrate. Using the short-lived radiotracer "$N, we here provide direct comparisons of root transmembrane fluxes and cytoplasmic pool sizes for nitrate-and ammonium-N in a major variety of Indica rice (Oryza sativa), and show that nitrate acquisition is not only of high capacity and efficiency but is superior to that of ammonium. We believe our results have implications for rice breeding and molecular genetics as well as the design of water-management and fertilization regimes. Potential strategies to harness this hitherto unexplored N-utilization potential are proposed.

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“…There are several reports that at similar total plant DW, S : R is greater with NH 4 + than with NO 3 -as N source (Cox & Reisenhauer 1973;Timpo & Neyra 1983;Bowman & Paul 1988;Troelstra, Wagenaar & Smant 1992). However, where tested in these studies, the tissue N concentration for plants of similar DW was also greater with NH 4 + than with NO 3 -.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Relationships between shoot to root ratio, growth and leaf soluble protein concentration of Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum under different nutrient deficiencies

Andrews

Sprent

Raven

et al. 1999

Plant Cell & Environment

123

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Relations between shoot to root dry weight ratio (S :RKey-words: Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum; Triticum aestivum; dry matter partitioning; macronutrients; nitrogen; pea; pinto bean; protein; wheat. INTRODUCTIONSupply of all macronutrients (N, P, S, K, Mg and Ca) can affect the partitioning of dry matter between shoot and root of higher plants. There is general agreement that shoot to root dry weight ratio (S : R) decreases when growth is limited by N supply (Andrews 1993), S supply (Clarkson, Saker & Purves 1989;Zsoldos et al. 1990;Ingestad & Ägren 1991) or P supply (Adalsteinsson & Jensen 1988;Fredeen, Rao & Terry 1989;Rufty, MacKown & Israel 1990;Ingestad & Ägren 1991;Cakmak, Hengeler & Marschner 1994). In contrast, S : R has been reported to decrease or increase with decreased growth associated with K deficiency (Asher & Ozanne 1967;Drew 1975;Steen 1984;Cakmak et al. 1994;Ericsson 1995), Mg deficiency (Will 1961;Cakmak et al. 1994;Ericsson & Kähr 1995) or Ca deficiency (Joham 1957;Ericsson 1995). There are reports for several higher plant species that S : R changes with growth/development independently of nutrient supply (Bastow-Wilson 1988;Gedroc, McConnaughay & Coleman 1996). Therefore, in some cases, the apparent response of S : R to nutrient supply may have been a growth/ontogenetic effect. Nevertheless, there are several studies which unequivocally show nutrient effects on S : R that are independent of growth/development (Andrews 1993;Cakmak et al. 1994).There is no general agreement as to the mechanism(s) of macronutrient effects on S : R. Bastow-Wilson (1988) reviewed models for the control of dry matter partitioning between shoot and root of higher plants and concluded that changes in S : R in response to a wide range of environmental factors, including macronutrient supply, conform to the Thornley (1972) model. In this model the factors which determine S : R are the supply of C and N substrates by shoot and root, respectively, transport of these substrates between shoot and root and incorporation of these substrates into plant structure. It was argued that structural growth of shoot and root is colimited by the local C and N substrate concentrations and that this growth acts as a sink for substrates to which further substrates diffuse from the points of supply. It was further argued that the rate of transport of C and N substrate from shoot to root and root to shoot, respectively, is proportional to the concentration gradient divided by a resistance. Hence, a decrease in C substrate acquisition would result in an increase in S : R while a decrease in N substrate acquisition would cause S : R to decrease.Dewar (1993) developed a model in which C, N and water interact to determine S : R. In this model it was assumed that a fraction of the N taken up by the root is translocated via the xylem to the shoot where it is transferred to the phloem. The remaining fraction is transferred directly to the root phloem. Phloem translocation of C and N downwards from shoot to root is driven by a shoot ...

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Growth and ion uptake by wheat supplied nitrogen as nitrate, or ammonium, or both

Cited by 313 publications

References 27 publications

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

Magnesium deficiency in citrus grown in the Gisborne district of New Zealand

Comparative kinetic analysis of ammonium and nitrate acquisition by tropical lowland rice: implications for rice cultivation and yield potential

Relationships between shoot to root ratio, growth and leaf soluble protein concentration of Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum under different nutrient deficiencies

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