Growth and Lignification in Seedlings Exposed to Eight Days of Microgravity

Cowles, Joe R.; Scheld, H. W.; Lemay, R.; Peterson, Colin

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086865

Cited by 109 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results of the past space experiments concerning cell wall constituents indicate that the amounts of cellulose and lignin decreased in space (Cowles et al 1984;Nedukha 1996). A decrease in the level of cellulose per unit length of Arabidopsis hypocotyls was also observed in the present study (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In fact, the amounts of certain components of the cell wall, such as cellulose and lignin, were reduced under true microgravity conditions in space (Cowles et al 1984;Nedukha 1996). The decrease in levels of cell wall polysaccharides and phenolics was also observed under microgravity conditions simulated by water submergence (Masuda et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stimulation of elongation growth and xyloglucan breakdown in Arabidopsis hypocotyls under microgravity conditions in space

Soga

Wakabayashi

Kamisaka

et al. 2002

Planta

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Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (ecotype Columbia and an ethylene-resistant mutant etr1-1) were cultivated for 68.5, 91.5 and 136 h on board during the Space Shuttle STS-95 mission, and changes in the elongation growth and the cell wall properties of hypocotyls were analyzed. Elongation growth of dark-grown hypocotyls of both Columbia and etr1-1 was stimulated under microgravity conditions in space. There were no clear differences in the degree of growth stimulation between Columbia and etr1-1, indicating that the ethylene level was not abnormally high in the cultural environment of this space experiment. Microgravity also increased the mechanical extensibility of cell walls in both cultivars, and such an increase was attributed to the increase in the apparent irreversible extensibility. The levels of cell wall polysaccharides per unit length of hypocotyls decreased in space. Microgravity also reduced the weight-average molecular mass of xyloglucans in the hemicellulose-II fraction. Also, the activity of xyloglucan-degrading enzymes extracted from hypocotyl cell walls increased under microgravity conditions. These results suggest that microgravity reduces the molecular mass of xyloglucans by increasing xyloglucan-degrading activity. Modifications of xyloglucan metabolism as well as the thickness of cell wall polysaccharides seem to be involved in an increase in the cell wall extensibility, leading to growth stimulation of Arabidopsis hypocotyls in space.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Stimulation of elongation growth and xyloglucan breakdown in Arabidopsis hypocotyls under microgravity conditions in space

Soga

Wakabayashi

Kamisaka

et al. 2002

Planta

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“…6). A similar phenomenon was registered in garden cress roots grown on horizontal clinostat (HEnsEl & siEVErs, 1980) or wheat roots grown in space (cowlEs et al, 1984) and attributed to a consequence of the action of unknown nature spaceflight factors. Morphometrical analysis of caps revealed the tendency of shorter and wider cap formation in microgravity environment than under the action of 1g in space or on the ground (table 2).…”

Section: Growth Of Root Columella Cellssupporting

confidence: 63%

Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight

Švegždienė

Raklevičienė

Koryznienė

2013

Botanica Lithuanica

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AbstractŠvegždienė D., Raklevičienė D., Koryzienė D., 2013: Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite "Bion-10" flight [Kosminė botanika Lietuvoje. I. Gravitaciją juntančių šaknų ląstelių formavimasis palydovo "Bion-10" skrydžio metu]. -Bot. Lith., 19(2): 129-138. the paper deals with the results of space experiment, which was carried out on an original automatically operating centrifuge "neris-5" on board of the satellite "Bion-10" in 1993. the peculiarities of gravisensing system formation in roots of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings grown in microgravity under simulated and natural gravity of 1g in space and on the ground, respectively, are presented. Quantitative study on the growth of root columella cells (statocytes), the state of their intracellular components, and the location of amyloplasts was performed by light and electron microscopy. the growth of statocytes in microgravity and under 1g in space did not differ significantly though the location of amyloplasts experienced significant changes: it depended on the gravity and cell position in columella. Instead of the concentration of amyloplasts at the distal cell region of roots grown under 1g, most plastids in microgravity-grown roots were accumulated at the centre of statocytes. the obtained data on the formation and state of intercellular plastids confirm the supposition that the environment of microgravity alters the metabolism of plant cells; however, its alterations are not fateful for the formation of gravisensing cells and for the growth of the whole root.

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“…In contrast, microgravity conditions have been shown to exert the opposite effect on the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Cellulose and lignin content were reduced in plants exposed to microgravity conditions in space (Cowles et al, 1984;Nedukha, 1996). Furthermore, an experiment carried out during the Space Shuttle STS-95 mission showed that the growth of Arabidopsis thahiana (ecotype: Columbia) hypocotyls was stimulated under microgravity conditions compared to the onground controls, although no 1G in-orbit control group was included in this experiment.…”

Section: Gravitational Conditions Affect Cell-wall Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell-Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana under Microgravity Conditions

et al. 2007

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In 2008, the 'Cell Wall' experiment is scheduled to be launched and conducted on the International Space Station with the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS). The main aim of this in-orbit plant science experiment is to elucidate the effect of gravitational conditions on supporting tissue formation in plants, thereby gaining new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which plants adapted to the land environment. In this first space experiment with in-orbit control experiments, we will specifically aim to elucidate the expression profiles of several candidate genes encoding proteins that are involved in the construction and restructuring of the secondary cell wall in the stem of Arabidopsis thaliana grown both in microgravity and 1G conditions. This review article deals with biological background pertinent to the 'Cell Wall' experiment, the anticipated experimental procedures to be used, together with a perspective of how this space experiment will extend our knowledge in both pure and applied life sciences.

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Growth and Lignification in Seedlings Exposed to Eight Days of Microgravity

Cited by 109 publications

References 7 publications

Stimulation of elongation growth and xyloglucan breakdown in Arabidopsis hypocotyls under microgravity conditions in space

Stimulation of elongation growth and xyloglucan breakdown in Arabidopsis hypocotyls under microgravity conditions in space

Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight

Reverse Genetic Approach to Exploring Genes Responsible for Cell-Wall Dynamics in Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana under Microgravity Conditions

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