Growth and Metabolism of Chick Embryo Muscle Cultures

Wilson, Barry W.; Stinnett, H. O.; Fry, D. Michael; Nieberg, Pamela S.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1973.10666232

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…To improve growth and incorporation 5 ml instead of 3 ml of medium were often used . 02diffusion in 5-ml cultures is adequate as judged by cell morphology, growth, and lack of lipid accumulation (7,8,13,14) . At very high [creatine], depth of medium does affect creatine accumulation .…”

Section: Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A reexamination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture.

Fry¹,

Morales²

1980

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Experiments designed to test the hypothesis that intracellular creatine level regulates the synthesis of muscle specific proteins have failed to demonstrate any creatine regulatory effect . Manipulation of the extracellular creatine in culture medium over a 5,700-fold range (1 .3-7 .4 mM) was successful in altering intracellular total creatine by only a factor of 20 (1 .4-42 mg creatine/mg protein), an indication that muscle cells are able to regulate intracellular creatine levels over a wide range of external creatine concentrations . Alterations of cell creatine had no effect on either total protein synthesis or synthesis of myosin heavy chain . Methods were perfected to measure total creatine, and incorporation of [3 H]leucine into total protein and purified myosin heavy chain from the same culture dish to avoid the possibility of variation between dishes . The creatine analog 1-carboxymethyl-2-iminohexahydropyrimidine (CMIP) previously reported to stimulate myosin synthesis in culture was found to depress creatine accumulation by cells and depressed total protein synthesis and synthesis of myosin heavy chain . This inhibitory action ofCMIP is consistent with the reported competitive inhibition of creatine kinase and presumed interference with energy metabolism .

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Section: Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A reexamination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture.

Fry¹,

Morales²

1980

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Diazinon Toxicity: Activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Phosphatases in the Nervous Tissue of Zebra Fish, Brachydanio rerio (Cyprinidae)

Ansari

Aslam

Kumar

1987

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Xuinnzary:The LCm-va1ue of diazinon for Brachydanio rerio decreases from 2.3 t o 2.12 mgil during the time from 24 t o 96 h. I n the course of exposure for 24 t o 288 h against 0.26 to 2.08 mg/l diazinon the activity of acetylcholinesterase as well as acid and alkaline phosphatases decreases to 20 .... 30 o/o as a minimum. The decrease of the enzymatic activities in the brain t.issue is more time-dependent than concentration-dependent, which may de due to the respective metabolites of diazinon.Organophosphate (OY) compounds phosphorylate the enzyme acetylcholinest,erase (AChE) (O'BRJEN, 1976). ANSARI and KUMAR (1984) show that 50 f:b of the zebra fishes survived even when there was a 90 ",o inhibition in the activities of AChE ill the nervous tissue after rnalathion exposure. Despite the specificity of the site of action of O P compounds, it also caused a reduction i n the gonadosomatic index, "abortion" and skeletal deformities in the zebra fish (KUMAR and ANSARI, 1984). These Materials arid NethodsZebra fish from Uttar Pradesh (AKSARI and KUMAR 198%) were collected,stocked and niaiiitained i n 35 1 glass aquaria equipped with dechlorinated water (25 ... 87 "C), aerated continuously. Fishes were fed twice daily, alternately with raw chopped goat liver and brine shrimp. The diet was supplemented with some food live like vestigial Urosopl~ila flies, mosquito larvae and Daphnia.The 24) 48, 72 and 96 h LC 5o values were determined in Laboratory bioassays. For this, fishes weIe starved for %4 h prior to t,heir use for bioassay. The tests were conducted i n 10 I glass aqiiaria containing 5 litres of dechlorinated water. Six replicates of 10 fishes each were exposed to each concentratio~i of pesticide. Each experiment was accompaiiied by a cont'rol having the same number of fishes and the same volume of solvent (acetone) .08 ing/l (diluted in acetone) of djazinon were selected. Six replicates of 20 fishes each were exposed to each coiiceiitration for 24, 72, 144 and 288 h along with a set of same number of untreated co~ltrol fishes. After the respective exposures, the required number of fishes were sacrificed together with corresponding control fish ; their brain mas i.emoved and processed as follows :The AChE activity was determined by the inethod of HESTRIP using atetylcholiiiiodide as substrate. The activities of acid and a.lkaliiie phosphatase were measured by the method of BERUMEYER (1967) modified after ANDERSCH and SZCYPINSKI (1947) using p-introphenylphosphate disodium salt as substrate.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to check the significance of the data.

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Acetylcholinesterase in singly and multiply innervated muscles of normal and dystrophic chickens

Wilson¹,

Linkhart²,

Nieberg³

1973

J. Exp. Zool.

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AChE isozymes, localization and activities of multiply innervated anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD), singly innervated posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) and mixed semispinalis capitis muscles from 2, 6 and 12 week normal and dystrophic chicks were studied. AChE forms characteristic of chick embryo muscles were maintained in normal ALD and semispinalis muscles and lost i n normal PLD muscles after two weeks of age, Dystrophic ALD and semispinalis muscles were similar in their AChE forms, localization and levels to their normal counterparts. Dystrophic PLD muscles exhibited embryo AChE forms, high AChE activity and AChE outside of the neuromuscular junctions within the sarcoplasm of the muscle fibers. The data suggest that tonic fibers of the chicken lack and that dystrophic fast twitch fibers are defective in a system that suppresses embryo AChE forms after hatching.

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Growth and Metabolism of Chick Embryo Muscle Cultures

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

A reexamination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture.

A reexamination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture.

Diazinon Toxicity: Activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Phosphatases in the Nervous Tissue of Zebra Fish, Brachydanio rerio (Cyprinidae)

Acetylcholinesterase in singly and multiply innervated muscles of normal and dystrophic chickens

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