Growth and mineral nutrition of non‐mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) seedlings grown in semi‐hydroponic sand culture

Eltrop, Ludger; Marschner, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01915.x

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The increased photosynthesis of M plants of group 1 was therefore not reflected in a higher biomass production ( Figure 5). It has been reported that increased photosynthetic rates in mycorrhizal plants with P. tinctorius can be associated with increases (Cairney and Chambers, 1997;Reid et al, 1983) or decreases (Eltrop and Marschner, 1996b) in host biomass. Higher shoot growth has also been observed with no changes in photosynthesis in AM associations (Gavito et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mycorrhiza Always Beneficial?

2006

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In this work we evaluate whether the effect of ectomycorrhiza in the early developmental stages of symbiosis establishment is detrimental or beneficial to plant productivity and whether this effect is dependent on either N nutrition or plant age. Groups of Pinus pinaster L. plants with different ages and nutritional status were inoculated with alive or dead Pisolithus tinctorius. The plants were fed with either 1.9 mM or 3.8 mM ammonium as N source. Ectomycorrhiza establishment was monitored until 1 month after the inoculation through daily chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and the analysis of fast fluorescence kinetics O-J-I-P, biomass increment and photosynthesis. Our results show that plants react differently to ectomycorrhiza formation depending on their age (stage of development, leaf area), their initial nutritional status, and the amount of nitrogen supplied. Mycorrhiza formation was found to constitute a stress depending on the plants' age. Increased availability of N softened or eliminated the negative impact of mycorrhiza formation. Only younger plants eventually developed a higher net photosynthesis rate when mycorrhizal. It is concluded that ectomycorrhiza formation may have a detrimental rather than a beneficial effect on plants' productivity during their establishment and early developmental stages, and that this depends on the amount of N available to the plant, on the nutritional status and on the age of the plant. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements proved to be a non-destructive, non-invasive and reliable tool able to identify the first signals of plant-mycorrhiza fungi interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mycorrhiza Always Beneficial?

2006

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“…The role of ECM as purely symbiotic to conifer seedlings has been questioned in recent studies (e.g. Conjeaud et al, 1996;Dosskey et al, 1990;Eltorp and Marschner, 1996;Johnson et al, 1997;Zackrisson et al, 1997Zackrisson et al, , 1998, which is corroborated by the observation that the plants with largest biomass had low-to intermediate ECM colonisation levels ( Figure 5). This is probably due to a net C drain from the host, which is most likely to occur if the host is source-limited (e.g.…”

Section: Ectomycorrhizal Colonisation and Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 75%

Nutrient and Carbon Additions to the Microbial Soil Community and its Impact on Tree Seedlings in a Boreal Spruce Forest

et al. 2005

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We have added glucose and nutrients to manipulate soil microbial activity and nutrient availability in a boreal spruce forest to study the performance of birch and spruce seedlings in relation to the soil microbial community. The proportion of aboveground biomass in the seedlings was largest in plots amended with extra nutrients, while ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonisation was low in these plots. ECM appeared beneficial for growth of both species, but only at low levels of colonisation (<25% ECM colonised root-tips). The soil microbial biomass, as determined by total PLFA, was largest in plots treated with glucose and there was a significant negative relationship between birch seedling size and levels of total PLFA in soil. This could be taken to suggest that poor seedling growth was due to nutrient limitation caused by microbial assimilation. However, the treatment response of the birch seedlings was generally weak, and spruce often showed no response at all to the addition of nutrients and glucose. The most consistent parameter for the variation in plant performance, as well as for the microbial soil community, was the block-effect. This suggests a strong spatial structure in the soil microbial community, and that this structure was robust with respect to our treatments even though they continued over a 3-year period.

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“…In any case, the use of results from studies of non-mycorrhizal plants grown on nutrient solutions to explain the performance of conifers in forestry (Kronzucker et al 1996) must be viewed with care. For example, the ammonium uptake by mycorrhizal Norway spruce roots may be associated with particularly high respiration costs (Eltrop and Marschner 1996b). Kreuzwieser et al (1997) suggested that nitrate uptake of non-mycorrhizal roots of young beech seedlings was downregulated drastically in plants with N sufficiency due to an increase of ammonium or amino acid concentrations in the phloem.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of different soil nitrogen sources by young Norway spruce plants

George

Stober

Seith

1999

Trees

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Three-year-old Norway spruce trees were planted into a low-nitrogen mineral forest soil and supplied either with two different levels of mineral nitrogen (NH 4 NO 3 ) or with a slow-release form of organic nitrogen (keratin). Supply of mineral nitrogen increased the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the soil solution and in CaCl 2 -extracts of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. In the soil solution, in all treatments nitrate concentrations were higher than ammonium concentrations, while in the soil extracts ammonium concentrations were often higher than nitrate concentrations. After 7 months of growth, 15 N labelled ammonium or nitrate was added to the soil. Plants were harvested 2 weeks later. Keratin supply to the soil did not affect growth and nitrogen accumulation of the trees. In contrast, supply of mineral nitrogen increased shoot growth and increased the ratio of above-ground to below-ground growth. The proportion of needle biomass to total above-ground biomass was not increased by mineral N supply. The atom-% 15 N was higher in younger needles than in older needles, and in younger needles higher in plants supplied with 15 N-nitrate than in plants supplied with 15 N-ammonium. The present data show that young Norway spruce plants take up nitrate even under conditions of high plant internal N levels.& k w d : Key words Ammonium · Labelled nitrogen · Nitrate · Picea abies · Shoot/root ratio& b d y :Present address: much more rapidly than recalcitrant organically-combined N, and (b) can use soil nitrate as a source of N even under conditions of plant N sufficiency.

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Growth and mineral nutrition of non‐mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings grown in semi‐hydroponic sand culture

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Are Mycorrhiza Always Beneficial?

Are Mycorrhiza Always Beneficial?

Nutrient and Carbon Additions to the Microbial Soil Community and its Impact on Tree Seedlings in a Boreal Spruce Forest

The use of different soil nitrogen sources by young Norway spruce plants

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