Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Abstract

In a field experiment, three-year-old Kinnow trees budded on Jatti Katti (C. jambhiri) rootstock were inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus manihotis (T 1 ), Glomus mosseae (T 2 ), and Gigaspora gigantia (T 3 ), separately or in combination (T 4 ). Microscopic assessment of AM colonization on Kinnow roots showed a relatively lower level of infection by different species when inoculated separately than when inoculaed together. Application of AM improved growth parameters like plant height, canopy volume, mean leaf area, and number of new shoots per plant but had no effect on trunk diameter, number of leaf per new shoot and new shoot diameter. Flowering phenology was also altered by AM infection. The infected plants produced more flowers which despite abscission caused an increase in the initial number of fruits. AM inoculation increased plant phosphorous in T 3 , potassium in T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , calcium in T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , and the AM-nutrient relationship did not reveal any generalized pattern. Inoculated plants, however, had higher concentration of different elements by the second year of the experiment indicating towards the continuous and cumulative effect of AM infection on plant nutrient accumulation. Further, the beneficial effects of AM on Kinnow were not related to the difference in the species of mycorrhiza.

Response of Washington Navel Orange Trees to Some Soil Amendments and Foliar application of GA3 under Clay Soil Conditions

“…The obtained increase in vegetative growth parameters as a result of sulphur application might be due to the role of S in reducing soil pH after oxidization by soil micro-organisms to sulphuric acid and improving the availability of most soil nutrients (Koriem, 1994). These results are in agreement with those obtained by Shamshiri et al (2012) on kinnow trees, El-Deeb et al (2013) on Valencia orange trees, Pawar et al (2014) on acid lime trees, Soliman and Aaid (2016) on Le Conte pear and Zayan et al (2016) on Washington navel orange trees. They found the application of all soil amendment treatments, biofertilizers and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) significantly increased vegetative growth parameters (trunk circumference, tree height, tree width and canopy volume) compared with control.…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Flowering of Hyacinths orientalis L. Anna Marie

“…Endogenous phytohormones are one of the important factors to regulate flowering of ornamental plants (Shamshiri, 2012). Perner et al (2007) proposed that AMF colonization may directly or indirectly modulate hormone balance for affecting flower development and blooming.…”

Interactive Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Copper Stress on Flowering Phenology and Reproduction of Elsholtzia splendens

“…AMF inoculation has been shown to change flowering phenology [ 20 ]. The flowering date of the dominant plant species in limestone soil was advanced after the inoculation of AMF [ 32 ].…”

“…For instance, soil contamination by heavy metals delayed flowering phenology of Hieracium pilosella [ 17 , 18 ] and reduced sexual reproduction of plants [ 19 ]. On the other hand, AMF can increase reproductive output and also change flowering phenology [ 19 , 20 ]. We thus hypothesized that AMF will attenuate the negative effects of Cu stress on flowering phenology and reproduction of plants.…”