Growth and nutrition of young European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) on sites with different nutrient and water statuses

Weber‐Blaschke, Gabriele; Heitz, R.; Blaschke, Markus; Ammer, Christian

doi:10.1007/s10342-008-0230-x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The N:Mg ratio is one of the primary factors affecting the health condition of the young conifer stands (Mellert et al 2004) as well as of the broadleaf species (Weber-Blaschke et al 2008). The prevailing number of the analysed samples exhibited the N:Mg ratio between 8 and 30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

2011

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The article evaluates changes in the forest health status and nutrition, caused by the historical development of the air pollution load, in the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) stands in the Jizera Mts. The Jizera Mts. are located in northern Bohemia, on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland close to western Saxony (Zittau). The 19 research plots selected on the plateau within the forest sites of the young Norway spruce stands were installed in 1991. Since 1993 the defoliation of the tree crown has been assessed every year; sampling of needles for nutrient analyses has also been undertaken annually. Soil samples were taken in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2009. Long-term investigation confirmed that the health condition of the trees, evidenced by crown defoliation, is influenced by a combination of various stress factors. To define the relationship between the crown defoliation, nutrients and stress element contents, a linear regression model was proposed. The model for the current year needles demonstrates that the defoliation of the spruce crowns in the Jizera Mts. is a function of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium sulphur and fluorine concentration. The crown defoliation of the spruce stands is increasing with the decrease in the nitrogen and magnesium concentrations and the increase in the sulphur and fluorine concentrations in the needles. The unbalanced nutrition in the Jizera Mts. is affected by the ongoing nitrogen deposition to the forest ecosystem. This is manifested as a disturbed N:P and N:Mg ratios in the needles. Acidification of the soil environment and the phosphorus and magnesium deficiency may be limiting factors to the forest's nutrition in the future. The optimal range of N:Mg ratio (8-30) is relatively wide for the Jizera Mts. The upper optimal limit for the young spruce stands in the Jizera Mts. should be decreased to 25. The comparison of the element concentration in the needles and mineral soil confirmed the nutritional threat and the deterioration in the condition of the spruce stands in the Jizera Mts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

2011

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“…Calcareous soils include those over marl, limestone and bare chalk (Locket ; Weber‐Blaschke et al . ) including active scree to almost vertical limestone outcrops (Merton ) since seedlings are able to recover from damage and burial (Wardle ); on less mobile sites, ash may be accompanied by hazel which it soon overtops. Ash tends to colonize the more stable larger scree at the bottom of slopes first and then progress uphill.…”

Section: Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Thomas

2016

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Ash) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. 2. Fraxinus excelsior is a large forest tree, native throughout the main islands of Britain and much of mainland Europe. Seedlings are shade tolerant, but adults are not so it tends to be an intermediate successional species, invading gaps in mixed stands rather than forming extensive pure stands. Ash grows on a wide range of soils but is commonest on nutrient-rich soils with a high base status and pH > 4.2, and is at its best on dry calcareous screes and fertile alluvial soils. 3. Fraxinus excelsior is trioecious or subdioecious with male, hermaphrodite and female flowers and trees. Seed production is prolific with periodic higher producing mast years. Seeds are primarily wind-dispersed, but they can float and be moved considerable distances along waterways. Germination is delayed by dormancy until usually the second spring after being shed. 4. Ash is tolerant of drought, but intolerant of spring frosts and so is predicted to fare well under current climate change scenarios, and indeed has recently been expanding in range in Europe. However, ash health and survival is currently seriously compromised by ash dieback caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Chalara fraxinea) that has the potential to kill all but a very few resistant trees. Moreover, the emerald ash borer beetle Agrilus planipennis, a serious pest of ash species in N. America, has reached Europe (though not yet the British Isles) and poses an equally if not more serious long-term threat to ash.

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“…Unlike most temperate zone tree species, the ash tree requires soils rich in nitrogen and exchangeable bases (Hofmeister et al, 2004). Its growth is also stimulated by phosphorus (Weber-Blaschke et al, 2008). Ash expansion, especially in lower altitudes in Europe, is often attributed to higher nitrogen deposits (Bobbink et al, 1998;Hofmeister et al, 2004); no relevant studies for higher altitudes are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fungal pathogens and climatic factors on production, biodiversity and health status of ash mountain forests

Vacek¹,

Vacek²,

Bulušek³

et al. 2017

Dendrobiology

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European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is a broad-leaved fast-growing tree species common in most parts of Europe, highly-valued for its ecological properties and occurrence in many forest site types. Its future is threatened, especially by an invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus causing disintegration of E. ash stands throughout all Europe. This paper deals with changes in stand structure, biodiversity and production parameters in mixed European ash stands in the Krkonoše Mountains National park, Czech Republic, with respect to ash dieback progress for period [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015]. Studied four permanent research plots (0.25 ha) showed negative dynamics of stand structural and production parameters. Volume of ash ranged between 98-376 m 3 ha -1 (stand volume 378-613 m 3 ha -1), which indicates a decrease by 2.7% during 6 years. Detected fungi caused mean deterioration of foliage by 22.9%, canopy by 15.8% and mortality reached 15.2%. The earlier ash dieback symptoms were detected at suppressed and intermediate trees, especially on waterlogged sites and at low altitude. Conversely, ash dieback was reflected less intensively at higher-elevated sloping stands, although low temperature (particularly severe frosts at the beginning of the year) was prevailing limiting factor for radial growth of ash in these mountain areas. The biodiversity indices of tree layer indicate mostly medium values with a decreasing tendency (to 22.4%). Relationship between spatial pattern of trees without dieback symptoms and infected trees was positive at small distances (to 7 m) or random. In terms of preventive silvicultural practices, strong systematic thinning is recommended to maintain the vitality of ash stands.

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Growth and nutrition of young European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) on sites with different nutrient and water statuses

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

Changes in the air pollution load in the Jizera Mts.: effects on the health status and mineral nutrition of the young Norway spruce stands

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Fraxinus excelsior

Effect of fungal pathogens and climatic factors on production, biodiversity and health status of ash mountain forests

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