Intestinal absorption and its relationship to increased total body water was studied in seven infants with congenital heart disease receiving regular diuretics due to congestive heart failure. All infants and six age-matched healthy controls were studied for a 3-d period during which time all food intake was recorded, stools were collected, and total body water content (TBW) and extracellular water were measured. All the anthropometric measurements were lower in the infants with congenital heart disease compared with healthy controls. Energy and fat excretion in the stools were significantly increased in the group of patients, but when expressed as a percentage of daily caloric intake or as a percentage of the specific intake (e.g. fat excretion1 fat intake x 100). no statistical differences were found. TBW as a percentage of body weight was increased in our patients compared with our controls (84.95 + 5.82% versus 68.65 .t 4.60%;~ = 0.01) and so was extracellular water as a percentage of predicted (200.0 2 18.6% versus 100.9 .t Failure to thrive is commonly observed in infants with CHD (1,2). Different causes have been suggested to play a role in this process, among which are poor caloric intake, increased energy expenditure, and intestinal malabsorption due to intestinal congestion (3). Some patients with CHD fail to gain weight or gain weight insufficiently, in spite of increased energy intake. The question then arises whether one should further increase their energy intake or should look for other causes involved in this process, such as increased malabsorption due to increased caloric content or malabsorption due to congested intestinal wall.The present study was designed to study intestinal absorption in infants with CHD who are on diuretic treatment due t o previous status of congestive heart failure and t o try to correlate intestinal malabsorption with different degrees of increased body water content and different caloric intakes. Increased water content, 7.2%; p = 0.001). A positive correlation was found between energy and fat excretion as a percentage of the intake and TBW as a percentage of predicted; energy and fat malabsorption did not exceed 8% in the patients with the highest body water content (120% of predicted). It is concluded that malabsorption is not a significant factor in failure to thrive of patients with congenital heart disease who are receiving regular diuretics. Based on the significant negative correlation between excess body water and fat and calorie absorption, however, it is suggested to monitor TBW in patients who fail to gain weight. (Pediatr Res 36: [545][546][547][548][549]1994) Abbreviations CHD, congenital heart disease TBW, total body water content ECW, extracellular water reflected by increased TBW and ECW in patients with significant intestinal malabsorption, may indicate a possible relationship between these parameters.
METHODSThe study population consisted of seven infants with CHD and six age-matched normal controls. Patients' characteristics are given in Table 1....