Growth and photosynthesis responses of two co-occurring marsh grasses to inundation and varied nutrients

Watson, E. B.; Andrews, Holly M.; Fischer, Amy E.; Cencer, Morgan M.; Coiro, Laura; Kelley, Sean W.; Wigand, Cathleen

doi:10.1139/cjb-2015-0055

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…maritima [32]; S . patens , Distichlis spicata , Juncus gerardii [45,46,47]). Under high inundation conditions and when there is low sediment supply, plants need to accumulate enough belowground carbon and build peat to keep up with the increased flooding [9,31,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Inundation Regimes Differentially Affect Natural and Sand-Amended Marsh Sediments

et al. 2016

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Climate change is altering sea level rise rates and precipitation patterns worldwide. Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to these changes. System responses to stressors are important for resource managers and environmental stewards to understand in order to best manage them. Thin layer sand or sediment application to drowning and eroding marshes is one approach to build elevation and resilience. The above- and below-ground structure, soil carbon dioxide emissions, and pore water constituents in vegetated natural marsh sediments and sand-amended sediments were examined at varying inundation regimes between mean sea level and mean high water (0.82 m NAVD88 to 1.49 m NAVD88) in a field experiment at Laws Point, part of the Plum Island Sound Estuary (MA). Significantly lower salinities, pH, sulfides, phosphates, and ammonium were measured in the sand-amended sediments than in the natural sediments. In natural sediments there was a pattern of increasing salinity with increasing elevation while in the sand-amended sediments the trend was reversed, showing decreasing salinity with increasing elevation. Sulfide concentrations generally increased from low to high inundation with highest concentrations at the highest inundation (i.e., at the lowest elevations). High pore water phosphate concentrations were measured at low elevations in the natural sediments, but the sand-amended treatments had mostly low concentrations of phosphate and no consistent pattern with elevation. At the end of the experiment the lowest elevations generally had the highest measures of pore water ammonium. Soil carbon dioxide emissions were greatest in the sand-amended mesocosms and at higher elevations. Differences in coarse root and rhizome abundances and volumes among the sediment treatments were detected with CT imaging, but by 20 weeks the natural and sand-amended treatments showed similar total belowground biomass at the intermediate and high elevations. Although differences in pore water nutrient concentrations, pH, salinity, and belowground root and rhizome morphology were detected between the natural and sand-amended sediments, similar belowground productivity and total biomass were measured by the end of the growing season. Since the belowground productivity supports organic matter accumulation and peat buildup in marshes, our results suggest that thin layer sand or sediment application is a viable climate adaptation action to build elevation and coastal resiliency, especially in areas with low natural sediment supplies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Inundation Regimes Differentially Affect Natural and Sand-Amended Marsh Sediments

et al. 2016

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“…However, Langley et al (2013) used field mesocosms to study inundation, nitrogen and CO 2 effects on a mixed assemblage of S. americanus and S. patens and found that the relative abundance of the species changed along the inundation gradient. Variation in flooding may contribute to a shift in the competitive balance among co-occurring species, as seen in a greenhouse manipulation of inundation and nutrients with Distichlis spicata and S. patens (Watson et al 2015). To better understand how whole marsh assemblages may respond to SLR, other experimental designs such as manipulation of marsh inundation by passive weirs may be useful (Cherry et al 2015).…”

Section: Biomass−inundation Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various inundation−productivity relationships have been reported for tidal marsh plants, including parabolic responses (Kirwan & Guntenspergen 2012, Schile et al 2014, Watson et al 2015, linearly declining monotonic relationships (Voss et al 2013), or exponentially declining relationships (Watson et al 2014, Snedden et al 2015. However, research to date has mainly focused on common marsh species found along the Atlantic coast of North America (but see Schile et al 2014 for multi-species biomass data in California, USA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes

Janousek

Buffington

Thorne

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Coastal wetland plants are adapted to varying degrees of inundation. However, functional relationships between inundation and productivity are poorly characterized for most species. Determining species-specific tolerances to inundation is necessary to evaluate sea-level rise (SLR) effects on future marsh plant community composition, quantify organic matter inputs to marsh accretion, and inform predictive modeling of tidal wetland persistence. In 2 macrotidal estuaries in the northeast Pacific we grew 5 common species in experimental mesocosms across a gradient of tidal elevations to assess effects on growth. We also tested whether species abundance distributions along elevation gradients in adjacent marshes matched productivity profiles in the mesocosms. We found parabolic relationships between inundation and total plant biomass and shoot counts in Spartina foliosa and Bolboschoenus maritimus in California, USA, and in Carex lyngbyei in Oregon, USA, with maximum total plant biomass occurring at 38, 28, and 15% time submerged, respectively. However, biomass of Salicornia pacifica and Juncus balticus declined monotonically with increasing inundation. Inundation effects on the ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass varied inconsistently among species. In comparisons of field distributions with mesocosm results, B. maritimus, C. lyngbyei and J. balticus were abundant in marshes at or above elevations corresponding with their maximum productivity; however, S. foliosa and S. pacifica were frequently abundant at lower elevations corresponding with sub-optimal productivity. Our findings show species-level differences in how marsh plant growth may respond to future SLR and highlight the sensitivity of high marsh species such as S. pacifica and J. balticus to increases in flooding.

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“…Aerenchyma is the most prominent feature of Diplachne fusca roots and this increased with increase in salt stress. Aerenchyma is responsible for the efficient exchange of gases throughout the plant (Evans, 2003;Malik et al, 2003;Shimamura et al, 2010;Grigore et al, 2014), and also facilitates bulk movement of salts (Naz et al, 2013;Lynch and Wojciechowski, 2015;Watson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of root structural and functional features towards salinity tolerance in Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. Fusca

Rahat¹,

Hameed²,

Ahmad³

2019

PAK.J.BOT.

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A study was conducted to evaluate structural and functional modifications in Diplachne fusca roots under varying regimes of salt stress. Differently adapted populations were collected from ecologically different regions in the Punjab region namely Pakka Anna (hypersaline dryland), Sahianwala (saline waterlogged area), Kalar Kahar (hypersaline salt marsh), Rahimyar Khan (saline sandy loam) and Treemu (saline seasonal inundation). The plants were grown in normal non-saline condition at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for 6 months to acclimatize them in the Faisalabad conditions. Three salt stress levels were maintained thereafter, i.e., 0, 200 and 400 mM NaCl for 90 days. All populations responded differently to increasing salt levels. The Pakka Anna population was found to be the most tolerant which relied mainly on increased K + uptake but maintained Ca 2+ uptake in root. An increase in root cross-sectional area was also observed in this population due to increase in storage parenchyma and vascular tissues. This appeared to be crucial towards water conservation in this population. The Sahianwala population collected from saline waterlogged area ranked second in salt tolerance. The notable anatomical modifications in this population included increased vascular tissue and aerenchymatous formation for efficient translocation of nutrients and gaseous exchange especially under anaerobic conditions. It was concluded that differently adapted populations evolved distinctly in geographically isolated regions by development of specific root anatomical features.

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Growth and photosynthesis responses of two co-occurring marsh grasses to inundation and varied nutrients

Cited by 21 publications

References 66 publications

Varying Inundation Regimes Differentially Affect Natural and Sand-Amended Marsh Sediments

Varying Inundation Regimes Differentially Affect Natural and Sand-Amended Marsh Sediments

Potential effects of sea-level rise on plant productivity: species-specific responses in northeast Pacific tidal marshes

Contribution of root structural and functional features towards salinity tolerance in Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. Fusca

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