Growth and physiological response of spinach to various lithium concentrations in soil

Responses of Agricultural plants to Lithium pollution: Trends, Meta-Analysis, and Perspectives

“…9, 10 Recently, different studies reported the effects of Li on plants and found a wide variety of harmful, neutral and positive effects on plants. 11-13 Despite the possible entry of Li in agricultural ecosystem, understandings on interaction of Li in agricultural crops is not yet clear, like in our scientific survey we observed that studies reported contradictory findings about Li exposure to agricultural crops. 14, 15 Previous studies such as, Jiang et al 14 , Li et al 16 and Li, Guo et al 17 performed a detailed investigation of Li exposure to Apocynum venetum L, Brassica carinata , and Apocynum pictum .…”

“…Such as, chlorophyll a and b content of Brassica carinata significantly reduced at 60 mM concentration and higher reduction effect were observed with increasing dose levels, whereas non-significant reduction noticed at lower dose (0.03-30 mM) of LiCl 25 . Another study reported that the content of chlorophyll a and b remarkably reduced at 20 mg kg -1 but at higher concentration (40-80 mg kg -1 ) showed non-significant impact as respective to non-treated plant 18, 23 . So, chlorophyll content depends on the plant species and dose level applied Li.…”

“…In contrast, chlorophyll a contents were decreased by 7% and chlorophyll b contents were increased by 23% at soil medium (Figure 3D and E). The previous study revealed that the chlorophyll b increased in the spinach leaves at 40-80 mg kg -1 of LiCl.H 2 O as compared to control plant 18 . Whereas, the exposure of LiCl significantly reduced the chlorophyll a and b contents of Apocynum venetum by (22 and 13%), (53 and 50%) and (83 and 88%) at 50, 200 and 400 mg kg -1 respectively under soil medium.…”

“…Bakhat et al 2020 revealed that Li exposure to soil significantly enhanced the Li accumulation in shoots and root of spinach in three harvesting. 18 As the concertation increased the uptake of Li was increased. In short, Li may have negative impact plant germination, root biomass, shoot biomass, chlorophyll a and b in hydroponic condition as with soil medium and foliar application.…”

“…16 Bakhat et al found the spinach shoot and root dry biomass significantly increased with low level of Li exposure. 18 In contrast, Jiang et al conducted the same experiment with another plant species namely Apocynum pictum, and documented that LiCl (25 mg L -1 ) increased the germination percentage (>80%) as compared to control and other applied concentrations. Dry weight of plants showed a non-significant effect at 50 mg kg -1 , but reduced at 200 and 400 mg kg -1 .…”